RESUMO
The incidence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolated from our hospital between April 1996 and March 1998 was compared with an earlier study (1993-1995). Thirty (29.7%) of 101 MTB isolates were resistant to one or more anti-TB drugs and 21 (20%) of 101 were multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Resistance was most common to isoniazid (28.7%), followed by streptomycin (22.8%) and rifampicin (20.8%). Resistance to pyrazinamide and ethambutol was 7.9 and 6.9%, respectively. There was a three-fold increase in resistance compared with the earlier study.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Etambutol/farmacologia , Etambutol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Pirazinamida/farmacologia , Pirazinamida/uso terapêutico , Rifampina/farmacologia , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Estreptomicina/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologiaRESUMO
One hundred and forty-eight cases of anogenital warts comprising 98 males and 50 females were seen at the Special Treatment Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan between May 1977 and 1984. The ages of the patients ranged from 11 months to 49 years. Ten cases occurred in children under 9 years. The peak incidence was in the 20-24 years age group. Local applications with podophyllin was the most frequently recommended therapy as the first line of treatment and produced a cure rate of 38.8% in those treated for three weeks. Thirty-three percent of the patients treated with podophyllin showed marked improvement before they were lost to follow up. Cryotherapy gave a cure rate of 85% but was recommended only for 20 patients. The clinical implication of these findings as well as the limitations encountered in the management of anogenital warts in a developing country are discussed.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Crioterapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Podofilina/uso terapêutico , Vigilância da População , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The prevalence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains has been steadily rising in Nigeria since 1979, and now about 80% of the strains of gonococci isolated in Ibadan are found to produce penicillinase. Spectinomycin has consequently become widely used in treating these infections. To ascertain the emergence of spectinomycin resistance, this study was undertaken to assess the in vivo susceptibilities of gonococcal strains to spectinomycin and other common antibiotics. Five hundred and twenty seven isolates were tested, of which 452 (85.5%) were PPNG strains. None of the strains were found to be resistant to 100 micrograms spectinomycin discs in vitro, whereas all 370 patients treated with the antibiotic were bacteriologically cured. Plasmid analysis shows that both "Asian" and "African" PPNG types are circulating in Nigeria. For the moment spectinomycin remains highly effective in treating gonococcal infections in west Africa.