RESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There has been much debate surrounding the use of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent trials of EPA and DHA have offered conflicting evidence. Some demonstrate reduction in CV risk using EPA alone in select populations. Others have demonstrated no benefit, with potential for side effects, such as new-onset atrial fibrillation. Both EPA and DHA have favorable impact on lipids and inflammation, suggesting some biological plausibility for CV risk reduction. However, clinical trials of these agents have produced mixed results. Based on available evidence, EPA may work better for CV risk than DHA and EPA combined. The benefit of EPA seems to be dose dependent, though higher doses may have more side effects. Further research is needed to define the role of EPA and DHA in the landscape of CV risk reduction.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico , Humanos , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Comportamento de Redução do RiscoRESUMO
Despite decades of research into risk-reduction strategies, cardiovascular disease and renal disease remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the tight clustering of cardiovascular and renal disease with the metabolic abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we can think of these conditions together as cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states. A holistic view of cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states is critical to provide integrated patient-centered care to individuals with these disease states. Here, we explore the cardiovascular and renal risks associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and highlight the importance of reducing cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease risk in a comprehensive manner. We advocate a cross-disciplinary, team-based model to manage cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.