RESUMO
Fermented extracts have evolved to be a potential alternative to synthetic chemicals, owing to their anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This study intends to assess the potential of fermented Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract for use in biomedical applications. Probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus A6-5, were deployed as a seed culture for fermentation. The fermented extract showed greater tyrosinase inhibitory activity and reduced melanin production (58.3%) compared with the raw extract. Cytotoxicity assay inferred that 500 µg/mL is the ideal non-toxic concentration with maximum cell viability. In addition, DAPI staining did not show any damage to the chromatin structure of the cells. The anti-aging property of the fermented extract was confirmed by a decrease in IL-6 content. The fermented extract showed lower MIC (40 mg/mL) and MBC (60 mg/mL), indicating greater anti-bacterial activity than the raw extract. The results confirmed that the fermented Z. schinifolium extract has high biomedical properties compared with the raw extract and can be used as an ideal skin whitening agent.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolismo , Melaninas/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Zanthoxylum/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Reatores Biológicos , Linhagem Celular , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Fermentação , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/genética , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/isolamento & purificação , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Melaninas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estrelas-do-Mar/microbiologia , Zanthoxylum/microbiologiaRESUMO
The rhizomes parts of Angelica purpuraefolia were extracted and the major essential oils composition and immunotoxic effects were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that the essential oils of A. purpuraefolia. The A. purpuraefolia essential oil (APEO) yield was 0.37%, and GC/MS analysis revealed that its major constituents were ß-Phellandrene (32.11%), Nerolidol (10.11%), Pyrimidine derivative (27.33%), Heptadecane (4.33%), and Celorbicol (6.33%). The essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L with an LC(50) value of 31.21 ppm and an LC(90) value of 87.22 ppm. The results could be useful in search for newer, safer, and more effective natural immunotoxic agents against A. aegypti.
Assuntos
Aedes/efeitos dos fármacos , Angelica/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Alcanos/análise , Animais , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Cicloexenos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Monoterpenos/análise , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Pirimidinas/análise , Rizoma/química , Sesquiterpenos/análiseRESUMO
The methanolic extract of the leaves of Chinese Hawthorn was investigated for its activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the method of parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Four oligomeric procyanidins, such as epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin (1), epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin-(4ßâ6)-epicatechin (2), epicatechin-(4ßâ6)-epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin (3), and epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin-(4ßâ8)-epicatechin-(4ßâ8) (4), were isolated and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity, as well as for their cytotoxic potential on SK-OV-3 cancer cell lines. Three procyanidins showed notable growth inhibitory activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of P. falciparum with IC(50) values of 2.7 µM (SI values of >55.5). The compounds showed no significant cytotoxicity (IC(50) > 150 µM) toward the SK-OV-3 cancer cell line. This is the first report on the antiplasmodial activity of these oligomeric procyanidins from Chinese Hawthorn.