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1.
Osteoporos Int ; 27(7): 2271-2279, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26902092

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Daily consumption of 50 g of dried plum (equivalent to 5-6 dried plums) for 6 months may be as effective as 100 g of dried plum in preventing bone loss in older, osteopenic postmenopausal women. To some extent, these results may be attributed to the inhibition of bone resorption with the concurrent maintenance of bone formation. INTRODUCTION: The objective of our current study was to examine the possible dose-dependent effects of dried plum in preventing bone loss in older osteopenic postmenopausal women. METHODS: Forty-eight osteopenic women (65-79 years old) were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups for 6 months: (1) 50 g of dried plum; (2) 100 g of dried plum; and (3) control. Total body, hip, and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated at baseline and 6 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood biomarkers including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and sclerostin were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D were measured at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Both doses of dried plum were able to prevent the loss of total body BMD compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). TRAP-5b, a marker of bone resorption, decreased at 3 months and this was sustained at 6 months in both 50 and 100 g dried plum groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.04, respectively). Although there were no significant changes in BAP for either of the dried plum groups, the BAP/TRAP-5b ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) greater at 6 months in both dried plum groups whereas there were no changes in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the ability of dried plum to prevent the loss of total body BMD in older osteopenic postmenopausal women and suggest that a lower dose of dried plum (i.e., 50 g) may be as effective as 100 g of dried plum in preventing bone loss in older, osteopenic postmenopausal women. This may be due, in part, to the ability of dried plums to inhibit bone resorption. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02325895 .


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Frutas , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controle , Prunus domestica , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/dietoterapia , Pós-Menopausa
2.
J Vet Intern Med ; 24(2): 285-8, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20102495

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Omeprazole and famotidine both reduce severity of exercise-induced gastritis, but administering famotidine is easier than administering omeprazole during racing competition. HYPOTHESIS: Famotidine is more efficacious than no treatment in reducing severity of exercise-induced gastritis; and high-dose famotidine is more efficacious than omeprazole in reducing severity of exercise-induced gastritis. ANIMALS: Experiment 1: Randomized placebo-controlled study, 36 sled dogs (3-8 years); Experiment 2: Randomized positive-control study, 52 sled dogs (2-8 years). METHODS: Experiment 1: Equal numbers of dogs randomly assigned to famotidine (20 mg q24h) or no treatment groups. Gastroscopy was performed 24 hours after the dogs ran 330 miles. Mucosal appearance was blindly scored by previously described scoring system. Experiment 2: Equal numbers of dogs randomly assigned to omeprazole (20 mg q24h) or high-dose famotidine (40 mg q12h) groups. Gastroscopy was performed 48 hours before and 24 hours after the dogs ran 300 miles. Mucosal appearance was blindly scored by previously described scoring system. RESULTS: Famotidine reduced the prevalence of clinically relevant, exercise-induced gastric lesions compared with no treatment (7/16 versus 11/16, P = .031). Compared with high-dose famotidine, omeprazole significantly decreased the severity (0.4 versus 1.2, P = .0002) and prevalence (2/23 versus 7/21, P = .049) of gastric lesions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although famotidine provides some benefit in the prevention of exercise-induced gastric lesions, omeprazole is superior to famotidine in preventing gastritis in dogs running 300 miles. Routine administration of omeprazole is recommended to prevent stress-associated gastric disease in exercising and racing Alaskan sled dogs.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Famotidina/administração & dosagem , Famotidina/uso terapêutico , Gastrite/veterinária , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Animais , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Gastrite/tratamento farmacológico , Gastrite/etiologia , Gastrite/patologia , Masculino , Estômago/patologia
3.
Equine Vet J ; 37(6): 501-4, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16295925

RESUMO

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Electrolyte supplementation is common in horses during endurance competitions, but the effect on the gastric mucosa is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: Repeated oral administration of hypertonic electrolyte solution is associated with exacerbation of gastric ulcers in mature horses. METHODS: The study design was a randomised, blinded, crossover trial. Fourteen horses were divided randomly into equal groups and administered either 60 ml water (placebo) or 56.7 g commercial electrolyte supplement mixed with 60 ml water by dose syringe orally once an hour for 8 h. The minimum concentration of individual constituent electrolytes/28.35 g dry commercial product used was: sodium (5528 mg); chloride (11,886 mg); potassium (3657 mg); calcium (754 mg); and magnesium (153 mg). Gastric lesions were scored prior to and after oral treatments, and analysis of variance procedures were then performed. RESULTS: Administration of hypertonic electrolytes resulted in a significant increase in mean ulcer number (P = 0.0174) and severity (P = 0.0006) scores in the nonglandular stomach. Mean ulcer number score was 3.6 and mean ulcer severity score 2.7 after hypertonic electrolyte treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Oral hypertonic electrolyte administration to horses in this model was associated with exacerbation of gastric ulcers. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Our findings suggest that one schedule of electrolyte supplementation used commonly in endurance horses may be harmful to the gastric mucosa.


Assuntos
Eletrólitos/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , Administração Oral , Análise de Variância , Animais , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia
4.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 28(3): 299-304, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15953204

RESUMO

Local anesthesia and tissue inflammation associated with lidocaine infiltration and lidocaine/prilocaine topical anesthetic cream for episioplasty in mares were compared. Twenty-two mares were randomly assigned to lidocaine or lidocaine/prilocaine topical anesthetic cream treatment groups. Perineum and vulva were cleaned, 8-12 g (approximately 1 g/cm per side of vulva) of topical anesthetic cream was applied, and the area was covered by plastic wrap 30 min prior to beginning procedure. Alternately, lidocaine was injected (1 mL) every centimeter just prior to the procedure. Episioplasty was conducted using standard methods, but employing simple interrupted sutures. Horses were not sedated and use of a twitch was recorded. Four millimeter punch biopsies were harvested 1, 3, and 10 days following episioplasty and scored for degree of inflammation by a blinded pathologist. Clinical inflammation scores were assigned when biopsies were obtained. Seven of 11 horses receiving lidocaine infiltration required twitching, but none of the horses that received the anesthetic cream required twitching. Six of 11 and seven of 11 of the lidocaine and anesthetic cream groups, respectively, required twitching for episioplasty. Except for the clinical scores on day 3, no statistical differences for clinical and histopathologic scores between samples from the two treatment groups for a given day were identified. Use of lidocaine/prilocaine topical anesthetic cream was as effective as lidocaine infiltration in providing local anesthesia when performing episioplasty in mares. Its use decreased the need for twitching horses as well as the risk of deformation of the labia caused by lidocaine infiltration.


Assuntos
Anestesia Local/veterinária , Anestésicos Locais/farmacocinética , Cavalos/fisiologia , Lidocaína/farmacocinética , Prilocaína/farmacocinética , Pele/metabolismo , Administração Cutânea , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Animais , Episiotomia/veterinária , Feminino , Genitália Feminina/cirurgia , Cavalos/cirurgia , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Prilocaína/administração & dosagem , Prilocaína/farmacologia , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
J Anim Sci ; 83(3): 586-96, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15705755

RESUMO

Pregnant Angus x Hereford cows (n = 73) were used to determine the effects of amount of nutrient intake and BCS on concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, leptin, and thyroxine in plasma. At 2 to 4 mo of gestation, cows were blocked by BCS and assigned to one of four nutritional treatments: high (H = a 50% concentrate diet fed ad libitum in a drylot) or adequate native grass pastures and one of three amounts of a 40% CP supplement each day (M = moderate, 1.6 kg; L = low, 1.1 kg; or VL = very low, 0.5 kg; as-fed basis). After 110 d of treatment, all cows grazed dormant native grass pasture and received 1.6 kg/d of a 40% CP supplement. At 68, 109, and 123 d of treatment, cows were gathered, and plasma samples were collected by tail venipuncture (fed sample). After 18 h without feed and water, a second plasma sample was collected (fasted sample). At 109 d of treatment, BCS was greatest (P < 0.05) for H cows, similar for M and L cows, and least for VL cows. Concentrations of insulin and leptin were greater (P < 0.05) for H cows than for M and VL cows at 68 and 109 d, but similar for all groups at 123 d. Thyroxine in plasma was greatest (P < 0.05) for H cows at 68 d and similar for cows on all treatments at 123 d. Concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, and leptin in fed and fasted cows were positively correlated with BCS at 109 d. Body condition was predictive of concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, and leptin when cows had different nutrient intakes, but BCS accounted for less than 12% of the variation in plasma concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, and leptin when nutrient intake was the same for all cows. We conclude that amount of nutrient intake has a greater influence than body energy reserves on IGF-I, insulin, and leptin concentrations in the plasma of gestating beef cows.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal/veterinária , Bovinos/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Prenhez/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Feminino , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/fisiologia , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Leptina/sangue , Leptina/fisiologia , Gravidez , Prenhez/sangue , Análise de Regressão , Estatística como Assunto , Tiroxina/sangue , Tiroxina/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Phytomedicine ; 11(7-8): 567-75, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15636169

RESUMO

Alternative and complementary therapeutic approaches, such as the use of a wide array of herbal, nutritional, and physical manipulations, are becoming popular for relieving symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA). The present study evaluated the efficacy of soy protein (SP) supplementation in relieving the pain and discomfort associated with OA. One hundred and thirty-five free-living individuals (64 men and 71 women) with diagnosed OA or with self-reported chronic knee joint pain not attributed to injury or rheumatoid arthritis were recruited for this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. Study participants were assigned randomly to consume 40 g of either supplemental SP or milk-based protein (MP) daily for 3 months. Pain, knee range of motion, and overall physical activity were evaluated prior to the start of treatment and monthly thereafter. Serum levels of glycoprotein 39 (YKL-40), a marker of cartilage degradation, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a growth factor associated with cartilage synthesis, were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Overall, SP improved OA-associated symptoms such as range of motion and several factors associated with pain and quality of life in comparison to MP. However, these beneficial effects were mainly due to the effect of SP in men rather than women. Biochemical markers of cartilage metabolism further support the efficacy of SP in men as indicated by a significant increase in serum level of IGF-I and a significant decrease in serum level of YKL-40 compared to MP. This study is the first to provide evidence of possible beneficial effects of SP in the management of OA. Examining and verifying the long-term effects of SP on improving symptoms of OA, particularly in men, is warranted.


Assuntos
Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Soja/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoartrite/complicações , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida
7.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 217(7): 1025-8, 2000 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11019709

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of butorphanol and carprofen, alone and in combination, on the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. DESIGN: Randomized complete-block crossover study. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane was determined following administration of carprofen alone, butorphanol alone, carprofen and butorphanol, and neither drug (control). Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in oxygen, and MAC was determined by use of a tail clamp method. Three hours prior to induction of anesthesia, dogs were fed a small amount of canned food without any drugs (control) or with carprofen (2.2 mg/kg of body weight [1 mg/lb]). Following initial determination of MAC, butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg [0.18 mg/lb], i.v.) was administered, and MAC was determined again. Heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect arterial blood pressure, endtidal partial pressure of CO2, and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen were recorded at the time MAC was determined. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD MAC of isoflurane following administration of butorphanol alone (1.03 +/- 0.22%) or carprofen and butorphanol (0.90 +/- 0.21%) were significantly less than the control MAC (1.28 +/- 0.14%), but MAC after administration of carprofen alone (1.20 +/- 0.13%) was not significantly different from the control value. The effects of carprofen and butorphanol on the MAC of isoflurane were additive. There were not any significant differences among treatments in regard to cardiorespiratory data. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of butorphanol alone or in combination with carprofen significantly reduces the MAC of isoflurane in dogs; however, the effects of butorphanol and carprofen are additive, not synergistic.


Assuntos
Butorfanol/farmacologia , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Cães/metabolismo , Isoflurano/metabolismo , Alvéolos Pulmonares/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Butorfanol/administração & dosagem , Carbazóis/administração & dosagem , Estudos Cross-Over , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Interações Medicamentosas , Alvéolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória
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