RESUMO
The syndrome differentiation of Yin and Yang has the function of controlling the other six principles in the eight principles syndrome differentiation,which is a higher level or general induction of the disease. In the clinical process of traditional Chinese medicine,syndrome differentiation of Yin and Yang runs through the whole process of disease diagnosis and treatment. For Parkinson's disease,syndrome differentiation of Yin and Yang is particularly important. Different symptoms,the transformation of pathogenesis during the development of the disease and the treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine all reflect the characteristics of Yin and Yang opposition restriction,mutual root and mutual use,and the transformation of ebb and flow. This article discusses the background,application and value of Yin-Yang syndrome differentiation from three aspects:the origin and application of yin-yang syndrome differentiation,the basis of Parkinson's disease syndrome differentiation,and the status and role of Yin-Yang syndrome differentiation in Parkinson's disease. It is of great significance to guide the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease with "Yin-Yang as the key point".
RESUMO
Wilson's disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, with diverse phenotypes and complex pathogenesis. It is one of the few rare diseases that can achieve good clinical efficacy through standardized treatment. Since there are few systematic reviews of this disease, we summarize the pathogenesis and treatment methods of WD from traditional Chinese and western medicine by reviewing the literature related to WD. In western medicine, ATP7B gene mutation is considered as the root cause of WD, which affects copper transport and causes copper metabolism disorders. The excessive copper deposited in the body will result in oxidative stress, defects in mitochondrial function, and cell death. Western medicine treatment of WD relies mainly on drugs, and copper antagonists are the first choice in clinical practice, which are often combined with hepatoprotective and antioxidant therapy. Surgery is a common therapy for the patients with end-stage WD, and gene therapy provides an option for WD patients. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, WD is rooted in constitutional deficiency and copper accumulation and triggered by dampness-heat accumulation or phlegm combined with stasis. The patient syndrome varies in different stages of the disease, and thus the treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation. The TCM treatment method of nourishing the liver and kidneys and warming the spleen and kidneys can address the root cause. The methods of clearing heat and drying dampness, resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis, and soothing liver and regulating qi movement can be adopted to treat symptoms. On the basis of syndrome differentiation, special prescriptions for the treatment of WD have been formulated, such as Gandou decoction, Gandouling, and Gandou Fumu decoction, which have been widely used in clinical practice. TCM and western medicine have their own advantages and shortcomings. The integrated Chinese and western medicine complementing with each other demonstrates great therapeutic potential. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of WD with integrated Chinese and western medicine, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
RESUMO
Objective:To discuss the research status and hotspots of Kaixin Powder.Methods:Literature about Kaixin Powder was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the databases to January 10, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 software were used to visualize and analyze data on the types of literature included, source journals, publication volume, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.Results:Totally 235 articles were included, mainly Chinese journal article. There were 87 source journals involved, among the Chinese and English journals, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and J Ethnopharmacol published the most articles. The overall annual number of articles published in the Kaixin Powder showed an upward trend. It involved 505 authors, forming research teams with Liu Ping, Jiang Yanyan and others as the core; The authors of the included literature came from 99 research institutions, and the cooperation between institutions was mainly based on units with the same or similar geographical area, TCM universities and their affiliated hospitals. The data results of keyword co-occurrence clustering network, keyword co-occurrence time network and keyword emergence analysis showed that the composition of the main active components (ginsenosides, poria acid, fine octyl ethers, ketones and oligosaccharide esters), detection methods (high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass chromatography), pharmacological effects (anti-Alzheimer's disease, antidepressant), mechanism of action and clinical application of the combination were the current research hotspots and trends in development. Conclusion:The research of Kaixin Powder mostly focuses on the mechanism of action and clinical research of Alzheimer's disease, depression and other diseases, among which the research on the main active components in Kaixin Powder is a hot topic in recent years, while the development trend of pharmacological mechanism of action and clinical application is better, and the correlation between active components and efficacy may become a new hot direction in the research of Kaixin Powder.
RESUMO
As an acupoint where the qi of the kidneys is infused in the back and waist,Shenshu(BL23)points belongs to the category of the foot taiyang bladder meridian,which is widely used clinically in the treatment of genitourinary system diseases.Shenshu points are located in the back of the human body foot taiyang bladder meridian direct branch circulation,and for the foot shaoyin meridian of where the symptom is,therefore it has a special property.However,there is a lack of in-depth research on the point properties and utilization of Shenshu points,thus this paper explores their acupoint properties based on the theories of channel,symptom and root cause,and the four seas,and investigates the correlations between their therapeutic efficacy and the method of moxibustion,acupoint matching,and depth of needling through the ancient books and clinical practice.The results showed that different methods of acupuncture and moxibustion,the combination of acupoints,and the depth of needling can stimulate the different therapeutic effects of the Shenshu.Therefore,the therapeutic effects of the Shenshu points can only be better utilized if the acupoints are clearly identified and supplemented with appropriate methods of acupuncture and moxibustion,the compatibility of acupoints,and the depth of needling.
RESUMO
Objective To summarize the prescription and medication rules for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners through data mining analysis.Methods The literature on treating diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners were retrieved from the databases of CNKI,Wanfang and VIP,and the collections of clinical experience and medical cases of contemporary Lingnan famous practitioners were also reviewed to screen the relevant medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by Lingnan famous practitioners.The information of Chinese medicine prescriptions for diabetes mellitus in the medical records was input to Excel to establish a database,and then the frequency analysis was performed in terms of the nature,flavors and meridian tropism,therapeutic-action classification of the Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types.Moreover,the association rule analysis and cluster analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0.Results A total of 62 medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by the 24 contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners such as DENG Tie-Tao,LIU Shi-Chang,XIONG Man-Qi,LI Sai-Mei,ZHU Zhang-Zhi,LIU Min,and FAN Guan-Ji were screened out for the analysis.And a total of 101 prescriptions involving 210 Chinese herbal medicines were included.There were 29 commonly-used Chinese medicines with a frequency being or more than 15 times,and they were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Astragali Radix,Bupleuri Radix,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Poria,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,Scutellariae Radix,etc.According to the therapeutic action,the Chinese medicines were mainly classified into the categories of drugs for supplementing the deficiency,drugs for clearing heat,and drugs for dispelling wind-damp.The primary syndrome types were syndrome of deficiency of both spleen and kidney and syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency,and the syndromes were usually complicated with the syndrome elements of qi deficiency,yin deficiency,yang deficiency,cold-damp,phlegm-damp,and damp-heat.The association rule analysis yielded 28 core drug combinations consisting of 2-4 herbs,and the cluster analysis yielded 5 new candidate prescriptions,which were mainly derived from the modification of classical formulas such as Xiao Chaihu Decoction,Fuzi Lizhong Decoction,Yuquan Pills plus Zengye Decoction,and Zuogui Pills.Conclusion For the treatment of diabetes mellitus,contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners primarily adopt the methods of invigorating spleen and warming kidney,and soothing liver,draining dampness and resolving turbidity,which has more distinctive regional characteristics of Lingnan and can provide a reference for syndrome differentiation and treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Lingnan area.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND:In the research on acupuncture treatment for lumbar disc herniation,most acupuncture treatments are performed under CT guidance or without guidance.The precise control of the target site and the effective acupuncture location are not clear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture at Jiaji points under ultrasonic guidance in treating lumbar disc herniation. METHODS:A total of 70 cases of lumbar disc herniation,36 males and 34 females aged 18-65 years old,were selected from Chinese PLA General Hospital and Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.They were divided into trial group and control group by random number table method,with 35 cases in each group.The control group received acupuncture at Jiaji points.The trial group received acupuncture at Jiaji points under ultrasonic guidance.The patients were treated once on the day of treatment and 4,7 days after treatment.Visual analog scale score,Oswestry disability index,Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,and MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36)were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with before treatment,the visual analog scale scores of both groups were decreased after treatment(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the visual analog scale scores of the trial group were decreased on days 2,3,6,7 of treatment and 1,2 weeks after the end of treatment(P<0.05,P<0.01).(2)Compared with before treatment,Oswestry disability index after treatment was decreased in both groups(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,Oswestry disability index of the trial group was decreased from days 1 to 7 of treatment and 1,2 weeks after treatment(P<0.01).(3)Compared with before treatment,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores of both groups were increased after treatment(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores of the trial group were increased on days 3,7 of treatment and 1,2 weeks after treatment(P<0.05,P<0.01).(4)Compared with before treatment,SF-36 scores in both groups were increased after treatment(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05).(5)These results show that acupuncture at Jiaji points has curative effect on lumbar disc herniation,and ultrasonic guidance could improve the clinical curative effect of acupuncture at Jiaji points for lumbar disc herniation.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo observe the impacts of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylated histone (AcH3) in the rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI), so as to explore the analgesic and antidepressant effects of EA. MethodsTwenty-four Male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 in each group. SNI was used to establish the model of pain and depression. All the groups were intervened one week after SNI surgery and persisted 5 weeks. The EA group was treated with EA (2 Hz) for 30 min every other day and imipramine drug group (IMP) group with peritoneal imipramine injection (10 mg/kg) per day. The sham surgery group (SS) and model group (SNI) received the same grasping stimulation. The paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (PWT) test was performed before the SNI surgery, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after surgery, respectively. The forced swimming test (FST) and the sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed 6 weeks after SNI surgery. The Western blot method was employed to detect the expression of BDNF and AcH3 from the rat hippocampal tissue at the end of the behavioral tests. ResultsCompared with the SS group, the SNI group had significantly decreased PWT and sucrose consumption, prolonged FST immobility time (all P<0.01), down-regulated BDNF and AcH3 expression (P<0.05 & P<0.01) in the hippocampus, which indicated the successful construction of the pain-depression model. Compared with the SNI group, 6 weeks after SNI surgery, the EA and IMP groups had significantly increased PWT and sucrose consumption, and reduced FST immobility time (all P<0.01); the EA group had up-regulated BDNF and AcH3 expression (both P<0.05) in the hippocampus, the IMP group had up-regulated AcH3 (P<0.05) expression but no difference in BDNF expression. ConclusionEA could relieve pain and depressive behavioral symptoms in SNI rats. And its analgesic and antidepressant mechanisms may relate to the up-regulation of hippocampal AcH3 and BDNF expression.
RESUMO
Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.
Assuntos
Ginsenosídeos , Pós , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES@#To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with different time intervals on corticospinal excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the upper limb motor function in healthy subjects and observe the after-effect rule of acupuncture.@*METHODS@#Self-comparison before and after intervention design was adopted. Fifteen healthy subjects were included and all of them received three stages of trial observation, namely EA0 group (received one session of EA), EA6h group (received two sessions of EA within 1 day, with an interval of 6 h) and EA48h group (received two sessions of EA within 3 days, with an interval of 48 h). The washout period among stages was 1 week. In each group, the needles were inserted perpendicularly at Hegu (LI 4) on the left side, 23 mm in depth and at a non-acupoint, 0.5 cm nearby to the left side of Hegu (LI 4), separately. Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS-200A) was attached to these two needles, with continuous wave and the frequency of 2 Hz. The stimulation intensity was exerted higher than the exercise threshold (local muscle twitching was visible, and pain was tolerable by healthy subjects, 1-2 mA ). The needles were retained for 30 min. Using the single pulse mode of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique, before the first session of EA (T0) and at the moment (T1), in 2 h (T2) and 24 h (T3) after the end of the last session of EA, on the left first dorsal interosseous muscle, the amplitude, latency (LAT), resting motor threshold (rMT) of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and the completion time of grooved pegboard test (GPT) were detected. Besides, in the EA6h group, TMS was adopted to detect the excitability of M1 (amplitude, LAT and rMT of MEPs) before the last session of EA (T0*).@*RESULTS@#The amplitude of MEPs at T1 and T2 in the EA0 group, at T0* in the EA6h group and at T1, T2 and T3 in the EA48h group was higher when compared with the value at T0 in each group separately (P<0.001). At T1, the amplitude of MEPs in the EA0 group and the EA48h group was higher than that in the EA6h group (P<0.001, P<0.01); at T2, it was higher in the EA0 group when compared with that in the EA6h group (P<0.01); at T3, the amplitude in the EA0 group and the EA6h group was lower than that of the EA48h group (P<0.001). The LAT at T1 was shorter than that at T0 in the three groups (P<0.05), and the changes were not obvious at the rest time points compared with that at T0 (P > 0.05). The GPT completion time of healthy subjects in the EA0 group and the EA48h group at T1, T2 and T3 was reduced in comparison with that at T0 (P<0.001). The completion time at T3 was shorter than that at T0 in the EA6h group (P<0.05); at T2, it was reduced in the EA48h group when compared with that of the EA6h group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in rMT among the three groups and within each group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under physiological conditions, EA has obvious after-effect on corticospinal excitability and upper limb motor function. The short-term interval protocol (6 h) blocks the after-effect of EA to a certain extent, while the long-term interval protocol (48 h) prolongs the after-effect of EA.
Assuntos
Humanos , Eletroacupuntura , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodos , Extremidade Superior , Exercício Físico , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES@#Maternal periconceptional folic acid supplement is by far the most effective primary prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. It was revealed that the underlying mechanisms are complex, including a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between periconceptional folic acid supplement, the genetic polymorphisms of maternal folic acid receptor 1 gene (FOLR1) and folic acid receptor 2 gene (FOLR2) and the impact of their interaction on the risk of CHD in offspring, and to provide epidemiological evidence for individualized folic acid dosing in hygienic counseling.@*METHODS@#A case-control study on 569 mothers of CHD infants and 652 mothers of health controls was performed. The interesting points were periconceptional folate supplements, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of maternal FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene.@*RESULTS@#Mothers who took folate in the periconceptional period were observed a decreased risk of CHD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.58, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.95]. Our study also found that polymorphisms of maternal FOLR1 gene at rs2071010 (G/A vs G/G: aOR=0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.96) and FOLR2 gene at rs514933 (T/C vs T/T: aOR=0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.84; C/C vs T/T: aOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.90; the dominant model: T/C+ C/C vs T/T: aOR=0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81; and the addictive model: C/C vs T/C vs T/T: aOR=0.70, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.88) were significantly associated with lower risk of CHD [all P<0.05, false discovery rate P value (FDR_P)<0.1]. Besides, significant interaction between periconceptional folate supplements and rs2071010 G→A (aOR=0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.86) and rs514933 T→C (aOR=0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.74) on CHD risk were observed (all P<0.05, FDR_P<0.1).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Periconceptional folate supplements, polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene and their interactions are significantly associated with risk of CHD. However, more studies in different ethnic populations with a larger sample and prospective designs are required to confirm our findings.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Suplementos Nutricionais , Receptor 1 de Folato/genética , Receptor 2 de Folato/genética , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Hospitais , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Hepatolenticular degeneration(HLD),also known as Wilson disease (WD), is a genetic disorder characterized by copper metabolism disorder caused by ATP7B gene mutation. Specifically, due to the ceruloplasmin synthesis disorder induced by gene mutation,copper cannot be excreted through bile,which results in pathological deposition of copper in various organs and damage to organs such as the brain and the liver. The incidence of WD in Chinese is significantly higher than that in the world. Copper chelating agents, such as D-penicillamine and dimercaptosuccinic acid, are used as the main therapeutic agents in western medicine. However, many clinical adverse events limit the application of these drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its characteristics in the treatment of WD. As confirmed by long-term research on TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment,MD has become TCM dominant disease. In spite of many views about the etiology and pathogenesis of WD,a consensus has not been reached so far. Based on the theory of latent pathogen in TCM and the pathological mechanism of excessive deposition of copper ions in the body,this study proposed that latent toxin is the key etiology of WD,and further elaborated that the latent toxin of WD was inherited from parents and occurred in children and adolescents,which was hidden in the liver and the kidney and damaged the brain. The latent toxin, Yang in nature and dispersing in property, is prone to transform into dampness-heat to block Qi movement and produce phlegm leading to stasis. Furthermore, this study determined latent toxin blocking collaterals as the basic pathogenesis of WD and revealed the complex clinical manifestations of latent toxin blocking collaterals such as liver collaterals,brain collaterals,kidney collaterals,spleen collaterals,stomach collaterals,lung collaterals,heart collaterals, and uterus collaterals. Treatment should follow the basic therapeutic principles of resolving pathogens,removing toxins, and dredging collaterals. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for syndrome differentiation and treatment of WD in TCM.
RESUMO
A fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of prodrug of paclitaxel (Pro-PTX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in rat plasma was developed. The plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid), and then separated by LC with an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm) and acetonitrile-1 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode was used to detect the ion responses m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX), m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) and m/z 808.3→527.2 (Docetaxel, internal standard) by using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source and positive ion mode. The method validation results show that the linear ranges of Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were 2.00-500 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99) and 4.00-1 000 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99), the lower limit of quantification was 2.00 ng·mL-1 and 4.00 ng·mL-1, respectively; the quality control samples with low, medium and high concentrations of Pro-PTX and PTX were within the batch, the relative standard deviation (RSD) between batches were all less than 9%; the relative deviation (RE) was within the range of ± 9%; In the stability test, both Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were stable under various storage conditions. The method was sensitive, specific, and reproducible, and was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of Pro-PTX in rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.: 00003552).
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA), motor training (MT) and EA combined with MT on motor learning and motor cortex excitability in healthy subjects, and to explore the effect of EA combined with MT on synaptic metaplasticity.@*METHODS@#Using self-control design, 12 healthy subjects were assigned into an EA group, a motor training group (MT group) and an EA plus motor training group (EA+MT group) successively, wash-out period of at least 2 weeks was required between each group. EA was applied at left Hegu (LI 4) in the EA group for 30 min, with continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency and 0.5-1 mA in density. Motor training of left hand was adopted in the MT group for 30 min. EA and motor training were adopted in the EA+MT group successively. The time of finishing grooved pegboard test (GPT) was observed, and the average amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), the rest motor threshold (rMT) and the latency were recorded by transcranial magnetic stimulation technique before intervention (T0), after intervention (T1) and 30 min after EA (T3) in the EA group and the EA+MT group, T0 and T1 in the MT group.@*RESULTS@#Compared with T0, the time of finishing GPT was shortened at T1 in the MT group and at T2 in the EA group and the EA+MT group (@*CONCLUSION@#In physiological state, electroacupuncture combined with motor training have a synergistic effect on motor learning, while have no such effect on excitability of cerebral motor cortex.
Assuntos
Humanos , Eletroacupuntura , Potencial Evocado Motor , Mãos , Córtex MotorRESUMO
Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with band screening method and modeling algorithm can be used to achieve the rapid and non-destructive detection of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) production process. This paper focused on the ginkgo leaf macroporous resin purification process, which is the key technology of Yinshen Tongluo Capsules, in order to achieve the rapid determination of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in effluent. The abnormal spectrum was eliminated by Mahalanobis distance algorithm, and the data set was divided by the sample set partitioning method based on joint X-Y distances(SPXY). The key information bands were selected by synergy interval partial least squares(siPLS); based on that, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS), successive projections algorithm(SPA) and Monte Carlo uninformative variable(MC-UVE) were used to select wavelengths to obtain less but more critical variable data. With selected key variables as input, the quantitative analysis model was established by genetic algorithm joint extreme learning machine(GA-ELM) algorithm. The performance of the model was compared with that of partial least squares regression(PLSR). The results showed that the combination with siPLS-CARS-GA-ELM could achieve the optimal model performance with the minimum number of variables. The calibration set correlation coefficient R_c and the validation set correlation coefficient R_p of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were all above 0.98. The root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC), the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) and the relative standard errors of prediction(RSEP) were 0.030 0, 0.029 2 and 8.88%, 0.041 4, 0.034 8 and 8.46%, 0.029 3, 0.027 1 and 10.10%, respectively. Compared with the PLSR me-thod, the performance of the GA-ELM model was greatly improved, which proved that NIRS combined with GA-ELM method has a great potential for rapid determination of effective components of TCM.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Ginkgo biloba , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Folhas de Planta , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao InfravermelhoRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic double-flap technique (Kamikawa) in digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with the maximum diameter >5 cm. Methods: A descriptive case-series study was used to retrospectively analyze the data of patients with EGJ leiomyoma and GIST undergoing laparoscopic-assisted proximal gastrectomy and double-flap technique (Kamikawa) at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to March 2019. All the tumors invaded the cardia dentate line, and the maximum diameter was >5 cm. After the exclusion of patients requiring emergency surgery and complicating with severe cardiopulmonary diseases, a total of 4 patients, including 3 males and 1 female with age of 29-49 years, were included in this study. After laparoscopic-assisted proximal gastrectomy, the residual stomach was pulled out of the abdominal cavity and marked with methylene blue at the proximal end 3~4 cm from the anterior wall of the residual stomach in the shape of "H". The gastric wall plasma muscular layer was cut along the "H" shape, and the space between the submucosa and the muscular layer was separated to both sides along the longitudinal incision line to make the seromuscular flap. The residual stomach was put back into the abdominal cavity. Under laparoscopy, 4 stitches were intermittently sutured at the upside of "H" shape and 4-5 cm from the posterior wall of the esophageal stump. The stump of the esophagus was cut open, and the submucosa and mucosa were cut under the "H" shape to enter the gastric cavity. The posterior wall of the esophageal stump was sutured continuously with the gastric stump mucosa and submucosa under laparoscopy. The anterior wall of the esophageal stump was sutured continuously with the whole layer of the residual stomach. The anterior wall of the stomach was sutured to cover the esophagus. The anterior gastric muscle flap was sutured and embedded in the esophagus to complete the reconstruction of digestive tract. The morbidity of intraoperative complications and postoperative reflux esophagitis and anastomosis-related complications were observed. Results: All the 4 patients completed the operation successfully, and there was no conversion to laparotomy. The median operative time was 239 (192-261) minutes, the median Kamikawa anastomosis time was 149 (102-163) minutes, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 35 (20-200) ml. The abdominal drainage tube and gastric tube were removed, and the fluid diet was resumed on the first day after surgery in all the 4 patients. The median postoperative hospitalization time was 6 (6-8) days. Postoperative pathology revealed 3 leiomyomas and 1 GIST. There were no postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage or stenosis, and no reflux symptoms were observed. The median follow-up time was 22 (11-29) months after the operation, and no reflux esophagitis occurred in any of the 4 patients by gastroscopy. Conclusion: For >5 cm EGJ leiomyoma or GIST, double-flap technique (Kamikawa) used for digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy is safe and feasible.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Junção Esofagogástrica/cirurgia , Esôfago/cirurgia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Gastrectomia/métodos , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Leiomioma/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estômago/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Due to ineffectiveness and side effects of existing analgesics, chronic pain has become one of the most complex and difficult problems in the clinic. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an essential hydrolase in the endocannabinoid system and has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of pain. In the present study, we designed and synthesized twelve tanshinone IIA analogs and screened their activity against MAGL. Selected compounds were tested for analgesic activity in vivo, with the acetic acid writhing test model. Among the test compounds, compound III-3 (IC 120 nmol·L) showed significant activity against MAGL and ameliorated the clinical progression in the mouse pain model. Additionally, compound III-3, substitution with N-methyl-2-morpholinoacetamide, demonstrated improved solubility relative to tanshinone IIA.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Analgésicos , Química , Dor Crônica , Tratamento Farmacológico , Abietanos , Química , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Química , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Monoacilglicerol Lipases , Metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Due to ineffectiveness and side effects of existing analgesics, chronic pain has become one of the most complex and difficult problems in the clinic. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an essential hydrolase in the endocannabinoid system and has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of pain. In the present study, we designed and synthesized twelve tanshinone IIA analogs and screened their activity against MAGL. Selected compounds were tested for analgesic activity in vivo, with the acetic acid writhing test model. Among the test compounds, compound III-3 (IC 120 nmol·L) showed significant activity against MAGL and ameliorated the clinical progression in the mouse pain model. Additionally, compound III-3, substitution with N-methyl-2-morpholinoacetamide, demonstrated improved solubility relative to tanshinone IIA.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Abietanos , Química , Analgésicos , Química , Dor Crônica , Tratamento Farmacológico , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Química , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Monoacilglicerol Lipases , Metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effects of Qiangjing Tablets (QJT) on sperm quality and the MAPK signaling pathway in the SD rat model of asthenospermia (AS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, blank control, AS model control, high-dose QJT, medium-dose QJT, and low-dose QJT. All the rats were intragastrically administered ORN at 200 mg/kg/d for establishment of the AS model except those in the blank control group, which were given 1% CMC sodium solution at 1 ml/100 g by gavage. Meanwhile the animals of the high-, medium-, and low-dose QJT groups were gavaged with QJT at 6700, 3300 and 1700 mg/kg/d, respectively, qd 6 days a week for 20 days. Then the testis issue and the apoptosis of the testicular cells were observed under the electron microscope, the expression of vimentin in the testis was determined with the immunohistochemical SP method, that of ERK1/2 detected by Western blot, and the concentration of TGF-β1 in the semen measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AS model controls showed round nuclei of spermatocytes, homogeneously distributed chromatins, broken or lost mitochondria, and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum in the testis tissue. In comparison, the rats of the high-, medium-, and low-dose QJT groups exhibited round nuclei of spermatocytes, homogeneously distributed chromatins, and well-structured mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome, which were all similar those of the blank controls. Compared with the blank controls, the AS model rats manifested significantly increased expressions of ERK1/2 (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 1.26 ± 0.10, P<0.01) and vimentin (0.16 ± 0.01 vs 0.17 ± 0.01, P<0.01) and apoptosis rate of cells in the testis tissue ([9.20 ± 3.07] vs [42.20 ± 9.17] %, P<0.01), but decreased level of TGF-β1 in the semen ([627.67 ± 26.07] vs [566.73 ± 68.44] ng/ml, P<0.05). In comparison with the model controls, the rats of the high- and medium- -dose QJT groups presented remarkably down-regulated expressions of ERK1/2 (1.26 ± 0.10 vs 1.14 ± 0.08, P<0.01; 1.26 ± 0.10 vs 1.18 ± 0.05, P<0.05) and vimentin (0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.16 ± 0.01, P<0.01; 0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.17 ± 0.09, P<0.05) and decreased rate of cell apoptosis ([42.20 ± 9.17] vs [21.60 ± 5.94] %, P<0.01; [42.20 ± 9.17] vs [33.95 ± 6.39] %, P<0.05). The concentration of TGF-β1 in the semen was markedly lower in the high-dose QJT than in the AS model control group ([621.78 ± 30.80] vs [566.73 ± 68.44] ng/ml, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Qiangjing Tablets could improve semen quality in asthenospermia rats by acting against oxidative stress.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Apoptose , Astenozoospermia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Farmacologia , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno , Metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno , Metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sêmen , Análise do Sêmen , Transdução de Sinais , Espermatozoides , Testículo , Metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Metabolismo , Vimentina , MetabolismoRESUMO
Objective To observe the effects of Gandouling on reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA and protein of neural stem cells of the mice cultured in high concentration copper. Methods The model of neural stem cells of the mice was cultured in vitro with high concentration copper. The experimental rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, and Gandouling low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. Each medication group was given relevant concentration of Gandouling serum for gavage. The MTT was adopted to test proliferation level on neural stem cells; flow cytometer was used to examine the change of ROS level in cells; qPCR was used to measure the expression of Nrf2 mRNA;Western blot was used to measure the change of the level of protein Nrf2 in cells. Results Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation rate of neural stem cells was significantly decreased, ROS levels were significantly increased, and Nrf2 gene and protein expression was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, neural stem cells proliferation rate was significantly increased, ROS levels were significantly reduced, and Nrf2 gene and protein expression was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Gandouling can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells in mice by reducing ROS content in high copper-loaded mice and up-regulating Nrf2 expression.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Liqi Yiliu Formula (JLYF) combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells for treating patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2011 and January 2014, 60 advanced HCC patients were enrolled in this study, who were assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to their willingness for taking JLYF, 30 cases in each group. All patients received CIK cell treatment: 1 x 10⁹-3 x 10⁹ each time, by intravenous dripping from the 1st day to the 3rd day, once per day. Besides, patients in the treatment group took JLYF decoction, while those in the control group took Chinese medical decoction by syndrome typing. All patients received treatment of at least two cycles. The time to progression (TTP) , overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), performance status scale (PS), Child-Pugh scale, and adverse reactions were observed, and subgroup analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>To May 31, 2014, all patients reached the clinical endpoint. TTP was 3.5 months (95% Cl: 3.30-4.10) in the treatment group, better than that (2.5 months, 95% CI: 2.32-2.68) of the control group (P < 0.05). DCR was 36.7% in the treatment group and 30.0% in the control group (P > 0.05). OS was 5.2 months (95% CI: 4.53-5.87) in the treatment group and 4.6 months (95% CI: 4.06-5.14) in the control group (P > 0.05). The PS scale was 1.60 ± 0.10 after treatment, lower than that (1.80 ± 0.09) before treatment in the treatment group (P < 0.05). When the PS scale was 0-2 or Child-Pugh scale was class A, TTP was longer in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in the two groups during the treatment course.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combination of JLYF with ClK cell treatment could prolong advanced HCC patients' TTP, improve PS scale, as compared with syndrome typed Chinese medical decoction treatment group. Besides, when the PS scale was 0-2 or Child-Pugh scale was class A, it was a better treatment program for advanced HCC patients.</p>