[Daphnia magna (straus): a new test object for modeling of dopaminergic neurotransmission deficiency induced by the selective neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine].

The possibility of using Daphnia magna (Straus) hydrobionts as a test object in modeling the disturbances of dopaminergic neurotransmission was investigated. The toxic action of a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), on D. magna was determined in a broad interval of concentrations (from 2 x 10(-5) to 10(-2) M). Plots of the real time of daphnia death versus MPTP concentration are presented and the concentration limits of its specific activity are evaluated. Experiments on daphnia under the conditions of MPTP intoxication were used to study the modulating effects of drugs producing a pharmacological correction of dopamine secretion disturbances in mammals. It is shown that the exogenous dopamine, muscarinic cholinoblocker pentifine, and antioxidant unithiol exhibit a protective action. Reduced glutathione does not possess protective properties. It is suggested to use D. magna as a simple and informative test object for the modeling of dopaminergic transmission deficiency and for the primary screening of various substances intended for the pharmacological correction of dopamine transmission disturbances.

[Daphnia magna Straus: a new model for evaluating the antioxidant acton of water-soluble preparations in vivo].

Hydrobionta species of Daphnia magna Straus were used as a test objects for in vivo evaluation of the antioxidant activity of three hydrophilic thiol compounds: reduced gluthatione, unithiol, and cysteine. These compounds exhibited significant differences in activity under oxidative stress conditions, in the dynamics of observed effects, and in the probability of inversion from anti- to pro-oxidant action. The main advantage of the proposed test objects in comparison to the conventional in vitro experiments (where the antioxidant effect is evaluated over a period of time from several minutes to several hours) is that the development of drug activity (pro- and antioxidant effects) can be monitored over a prolonged period of time (up to several days). In comparison to the tests on mammals, the new method is much simpler and allows the entire antioxidant protection (rather than separate systems) to be evaluated. It is recommended to use Daphnia magna Straus species for comparative evaluation of the antioxidant action of water-soluble preparations in vivo.

[Daphnia magna for studies of cholinergic preparations]. / Daphnia magna kak ob''ekt pri issledovanii preparatov kholinergicheskogo tipa deistviia.

Published data and original experimental results are summarized to justify biochemically the use of Daphnia magna Straus as an additional or alternative test object for the study of cholinotropic substances. The data of radioligand analysis provide direct evidence that the organism of Daphnia contains M-cholinoreceptors identical (with respect to pharmacodynamic parameters) to those in the human and animal organism.

[Pharmacological analysis of the pathogenesis of acute poisoning with the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin using the hydrobiont Daphnia magna Straus]. / Farmakologicheskii analiz mekhanizmov patogeneza ostrogo otravleniia sinteticheskim piretroidom tsipermetrinom s ispol'zovaniem gidrobiontov Daphnia magna Straus.

The results of pharmacological analysis are presented which provide information on the pathogenesis of acute cypermethrin poisoning that involves disturbances in various systems of the organism. These include changes in the system of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and violation of the free radical generation processes, Na + channel functioning, cholinergic transmission, etc. The screening of drugs belonging to various pharmacological groups influencing the toxicity of pyrethroids (EAA receptor antagonists, antioxidants, Na + channel blockers, M-cholinoreceptor blockers) revealed promising agents for the treatment of cypermethrin poisoning.

[Effectiveness of regional electric stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia in the treatment of suppurative wounds]. / Effektivnost' regionarnoi élektrostimuliatsii uzlov simpaticheskogo stvola v lechenii gnoinoi rany.

A new method of regional electrostimulation by means of influencing with low-intensity and frequency rectangular impulse current upon the sympathetic trunk in combination with a purulent wound treatment by the low-frequency ultrasound in the liquid media of tomicide contributes to significant enhancing the effectiveness of treatment of the patients, 2-fold shortening of a hydratation phase duration, rapid stabilization of general state of the patients. No side effects and complications were noted in performance of electrostimulation.

[Relationship between the choline-blocking and protective actions of m-cholinolytics in chlorophos poisoning]. / Sviaz' mezhdu kholinoblokiruiushchim i zashchitnym deistviem m-kholinolitikov pri otravlenii khlorofosom.

It was established in experiments on mice that the protective effect of metacine and atropine iodomethylate during chlorophos and acetylcholine intoxication is directly proportional to the peripheral m-cholinolytic activity of the drugs. The protective effect of the doses of metacine and atropine iodomethylate equieffective by the choline-blocking effect was equal during acetylcholine intoxication but differed during chlorophos intoxication. Atropine iodomethylate exhibited a stronger selective peripheral m-cholinolytic action than metacine.

[Effect of the endolymphatic administration of protease inhibitors on pancreatic morphofunctional activity in acute experimental pancreatitis]. / Vliianie éndolimfaticheskogo vvedeniia ingibitorov proteaz na morfofunktsional'nuiu deiatel'nost' podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri éksperimental'nom ostrom pnakreatite.

Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced in 16 dogs by administering infected bile under pressure. Functional and electron microscopic changes in the pancreas were studied before and after endolymphatic infusions of contrykal in a dose of 10 000 ATpE. It was established that endolymphatic administration of contrykal leads to an appreciable decrease in proteolytic activity of the pancreas and to inactivation of the kallikrein-kinin system. Electron microscopy studies of the exocrine apparatus of the pancreas after the dogs' death have demonstrated that endolymphatic administration of contrykal reduces intracellular processes of the synthesis of pancreatic enzymes.