Could ceftaroline be an alternative therapy for linezolid resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infections in Intensive Care Medicine? / ¿Podría ceftarolina ser una alternativa terapéutica frente a las infecciones por Staphylococcus epidermidis en el paciente crítico?

Introduction. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo sigue generando interés en los pacientes críticos, debido a sus infecciones en los ingresos prolongados, en pacientes instrumentados y, debido a su resistencia a múltiples fármacos descrito, que incluyen la heterorresistencia a glicopéptidos y el aumento de la resistencia oxazolidinonas. Ceftarolina es una nueva cefalosporina con actividad frente a grampositivos resistentes, que, por ser un betalactámico, podría proporcionar un perfil de seguridad adecuado en el paciente crítico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la actividad de ceftarolina y otros agentes antimicrobianos frente a cepas de Staphylococcus epidermidis resistente a meticilina y linezolid. Material y métodos. Estudiamos la sensibilidad de ceftarolina, tigeciclina, daptomicina y vancomicina en un total de sesenta y ocho aislamientos con significación clínica de S. epidermidis resistente a meticilina y linezolid en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, usando E-test. Resultados. Todas las cepas fueron sensibles a los cuatro agentes antimicrobianos, con independencia del nivel de resistencia a linezolid. Conclusión. Ceftarolina podría ser una alternativa en el tratamiento de infecciones por S. epidermidis resistente a meticilina y linezolid en el paciente crítico (AU)

Introduction. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus continues generating interest in critically ill patients, due to their infections in extended admissions, in instrumented patients and due to their described multidrug resistance, which include glycopeptide heterorresistance and the increase in oxazolidinone resistance. Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin with activity against resistant gram-positives, which, being betalactam, may provide adequate safety profile in the critical ill patient. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of ceftaroline and other antimicrobial agents against methicillin and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Material and methods. We studied susceptibility of ceftaroline, tigecycline, daptomycin and vancomycin in a total of sixty-eight methicillin and linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolates with clinical significance from an Intensive Care Unit, using E-test. Results. All strains were susceptible to the four antimicrobial agents, regardless of the level of resistance to linezolid. Conclusion. Ceftaroline could be an alternative in the treatment of methicillin and linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis infections in critically ill patients (AU)

Could ceftaroline be an alternative therapy for linezolid resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infections in Intensive Care Medicine?

INTRODUCTION: Coagulase negative Staphylococcus continues generating interest in critically ill patients, due to their infections in extended admissions, in instrumented patients and due to their described multidrug resistance, which include glycopeptide heterorresistance and the increase in oxazolidinone resistance. Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin with activity against resistant gram-positives, which, being betalactam, may provide adequate safety profile in the critical ill patient. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of ceftaroline and other antimicrobial agents against methicillin and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied susceptibility of ceftaroline, tigecycline, daptomycin and vancomycin in a total of sixty-eight methicillin and linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolates with clinical significance from an Intensive Care Unit, using E-test. RESULTS: All strains were susceptible to the four antimicrobial agents, regardless of the level of resistance to linezolid. CONCLUSION: Ceftaroline could be an alternative in the treatment of methicillin and linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis infections in critically ill patients.

Can Plazomicin Alone or in Combination Be a Therapeutic Option against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii?

Nosocomial pathogens can be associated with a variety of infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) and in immunocompromised patients. Usually these pathogens are resistant to multiple drugs and pose therapeutic challenges. Among these organisms, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most frequent being encountered in the clinical setting. Carbapenems are very useful to treat infections caused by these drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but carbapenem resistance is increasing globally. Combination therapy is frequently given empirically for hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients and is usually composed of an adequate beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of plazomicin against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Amikacin was used as a comparator. The activity of plazomicin in combination with several different antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion, the checkerboard method, and time-kill studies. Synergy was consistently observed with carbapenems (meropenem and/or imipenem) along with plazomicin or amikacin. When the aminoglycosides were combined with other classes of antibiotics, synergy was observed in some cases, depending on the strain and the antibiotic combination; importantly, there was no antagonism observed in any case. These findings indicate the potential utility of plazomicin in combination with other antibiotics (mainly carbapenems) for the treatment of A. baumannii infections, including those caused by carbapenem-resistant isolates.

Aumento significativo de la resistencia a fosfomicina en cepas de Escherichia coli productoras de Beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) aisladas de urocultivos (2005-2009-2011) / Increasing prevalence of fosfomycin resistance in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli urinary isolates (2005-2009-2011)

Introducción. Escherichia coli es el principal uropatógeno. La aparición de cepas productoras de Beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), que con frecuencia presentan multirresistencia, deja pocas opciones terapéuticas, y es necesario realizar un seguimiento de su sensibilidad a lo largo del tiempo. En el presente trabajo se presentan los porcentajes de aislados urinarios de E.coli productores de BLEE durante 2005, 2009 y 2011 y se comparan los resultados de la determinación de su sensibilidad a antibióticos de diferentes grupos, fosfomicina entre ellos. Métodos. Se analizaron 5.053, 6.324 y 6.644 aislados urinarios de E. coli en 2005, 2009 y 2011 respectivamente. Se excluyeron duplicados. La sensibilidad se determinó por microdilución con el sistema Wider (Soria Melguizo S.A.) y se seleccionó el fenotipo que indicaba producción de BLEE (CLSI 2009). Resultados. El 3,9% de las cepas (198) resultó productor de BLEE en 2005, el 7,3% (463) en 2009 y el 8,7% (584) en 2011. Se detectó resistencia a carbapenemicos en 2009, aunque continúan con un 95% de sensibilidad. Entre los no-Betalactámicos, colistina fue el más activo, seguido de nitrofurantoina. Ciprofloxacino y sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim presentaron un 80% y 60% de resistencia, respectivamente. Se observó una tendencia al aumento de la resistencia en fosfomicina, desde 0% a 9,3 llegando al 14,4% en 2011. Conclusiones. Se observó una creciente prevalencia de cepas de E. coli productoras de BLEE aisladas de urocultivos, alcanzando el 8,7% en 2011. Los carbapenemicos siguen siendo los antibióticos más activos frente a este tipo de cepas. El aumento de resistencia a fosfomicina fue significativo(AU)

Introduction. Escherichia coli is the most important uropathogen. The appearance of extended- spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E.coli in urinary tract infections (UTI) constitutes an important therapeutic challenge that requires the study of its evolution throughout time in order to establish a suitable empirical treatment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli urinary isolates in 2005, 2009 and 2011. We also determined the antimicrobial coresistance to several agents, including fosfomycin. Methods. We analyzed 5053, 6324 and 6644 E. coli isolates obtained from urine cultures in 2005, 2009 and 2011 respectively. Duplicate isolates were excluded. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Wider microdilution system (Soria Melguizo S.A.) and the phenotypic pattern of resistance that indicated a BLEE-producing E.coli was selected (CLSI 2009). Results. 3.9% of strains (198) were ESBL producers in 2005, 7.3% (463) in 2009 and 8.7% (584) in 2011. Resistance to carbapenems was detected in 2009, they inhibited more than the 95% of strains in 2011. Among the non-beta-lactams, colistin was the most active antibiotic followed by nitrofurantoin. Ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were not effective with 80% and 60% resistant isolates, respectively. An increasing resistance trend, from 0% to 9.3% in 2009 and 14.4% in 2011 was observed for fosfomycin. Conclusions. From 2005 our institution had an increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli rising to 8.7% in 2011. Carbapenems are still the most active agents. The increase of resistance was significant for fosfomycin(AU)

Sensibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas hipurato-negativas de Campylobacter spp. y de Helicobacter pullorum aisladas de enfermos con diarrea / Antimicrobial sensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from patients with diarrhea

El género Campylobacter, tanto C. jejuni como algunas especies hipurato-negativas y géneros relacionados, son la principal causa de gastroenteritis en nuestro entorno a lo largo de todo el año. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la sensibilidad de cepas hipurato negativas de Campylobacter spp. y de Helicobacter pullorum aislados de heces diarreicas humanas. Se estudiaron 39 cepas de Campylobacter coli, dos de C. lari y cinco de Helicobacter pullorum identificadas por espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF. La sensibilidad a amoxicilina- clavulánico, eritromicina, azitromicina, gentamicina, ciprofloxacino, levofloxacino, tetraciclina, tigeciclina y cloranfenicol se determinó por E-test. La mayoría de las cepas de Campylobacter hipurato-negativos y H. pullorum estudiadas presentaron una elevada resistencia a las dos fluoroquinolonas probadas y a la tetraciclina. Por otro lado, todas las cepas fueron sensibles a amoxicilina-clavulánico, a tigeciclina y a cloranfenicol, mientras que la mayoría lo fueron a los macrólidos y a la gentamicina(AU)

C. jejuni as well as some hippurate-negative Campylobacter species and related diarrheagenic organisms, are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in our environment all throughout the year. The aim of the present study was to determine the sensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from the stools of patients with diarrhea. We tested 39 Campylobacter coli, two C. lari and five Helicobacter pullorum strains identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erytrhomycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline and chloramphenicol was tested by E-test. Most hippurate-negative Campylobacter and H. pullorum isolates studied showed high resistance to tetracycline and to the two fluorquinolones tested. On the other side, all strains were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tigecycline and chloramphenicol, while most of them were sensitive to both macrolides tested and to gentamicin(AU)