RESUMO
Trianthema portulacastrum is a dietary and medicinal plant that has gained substantial importance due to its pharmacological properties. This plant was used for its various healing properties since the ancient period in ayurvedic system of medicine. The green synthesis technique is an eco-friendly as well as cost effective technique which can produce more biocompatible nanoparticles when compared with those fabricated by physio-chemical methods. Therefore, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis are credible alternatives to those which are produced by conventional synthesis techniques. This research mainly aims to produce nanoparticles with the methanolic leaf extract of T. portulacastrum. The optimized nanoparticles were further analyzed for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties. Disk diffusion assay was used for the determination of the antimicrobial property and on the other hand, DPPH radical scavenging assay as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity proved the antioxidant property of the formulation. The study revealed that Escherichia coli (gram negative strain) shows greater zone of inhibition when compared with Bacillus subtilis (gram positive bacteria). The nanoparticles have also been reported to show significant anti-fungal activity against the strains of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum which proves its desirability for its further use against both bacterial as well as fungal infections. The novel formulation can be explored dually as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.
Assuntos
Aizoaceae , Anti-Infecciosos , Nanopartículas , Cobalto , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Escherichia coliRESUMO
Plumbago rosea L. (Plumbaginaceae), is a medicinal shrub commercially exploited for its naphthoquinone principle, plumbagin, extracted from the roots especially for treating skin disorders. As the plant is exploited from the wild without being replenished, conservation of the species becomes inevitable. Synthetic seeds would provide for effective conservation, germplasm exchange and distribution of this species. A reliable protocol for synthetic seed production in Plumbago rosea has been developed encapsulating the axillary buds. The axillary buds from P. rosea cultures established and multiplied using the nodal explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Benzyl Adenine (BA) 1.5 mg/L and Indole 3-Acetic acid 1.0 mg/L, were used for synseed production. The plantlet conversion efficiency was the highest in synthetic seeds developed with sodium alginate 2.5% in modified MS with 0.4 M sucrose and CaCl2 100 mM. This combination gave the earliest bud initiation (9.19 ± 0.39 days) and maximum number of shoots per explant (2.31 ± 0.16 shoots). Microshoots from the culture, when inoculated on to MS medium supplemented with Naphthalene Acetic Acid 1.0 mg/L gave the best rooting response with 10.67 ± 0.94 roots per plant and 5.42 ± 0.29 cm root length. This is the first report of synthetic seed production in P. rosea using axillary buds as explant.
RESUMO
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, ω-3) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, ω-6) on experimental autism features induced by early prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in albino wistar pups. The pups were scrutinized on the accounts of behavioral, biochemical, and inflammatory markers, and the results suggested that the GLA can impart significant protection in comparison to ALA against VPA-induced autism features. When scrutinized histopathologically, the cerebellum of the GLA-treated animals was evident for more marked protection toward neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in comparison to ALA. Concomitant administration of ALA and GLA with VPA demonstrated a marked cutdown in the Pgp 9.5 expression with GLA having more pronounced effect. Henceforth, it can be concluded that ALA and GLA can impart favorable protection against the VPA-induced autism-like features with GLA having pronounced effect (AU)
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Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Transtorno Autístico/prevenção & controle , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Ácido gama-Linolênico/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/toxicidade , Antimaníacos/toxicidade , Comportamento Animal , Ácido Valproico/toxicidade , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Biomarcadores , Ratos Wistar , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, ω-3) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, ω-6) on experimental autism features induced by early prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in albino wistar pups. The pups were scrutinized on the accounts of behavioral, biochemical, and inflammatory markers, and the results suggested that the GLA can impart significant protection in comparison to ALA against VPA-induced autism features. When scrutinized histopathologically, the cerebellum of the GLA-treated animals was evident for more marked protection toward neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in comparison to ALA. Concomitant administration of ALA and GLA with VPA demonstrated a marked cutdown in the Pgp 9.5 expression with GLA having more pronounced effect. Henceforth, it can be concluded that ALA and GLA can impart favorable protection against the VPA-induced autism-like features with GLA having pronounced effect.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Autístico/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/uso terapêutico , Ácido gama-Linolênico/uso terapêutico , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/toxicidade , Antimaníacos/toxicidade , Transtorno Autístico/induzido quimicamente , Transtorno Autístico/imunologia , Transtorno Autístico/patologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/imunologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/imunologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/efeitos adversos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Ácido Valproico/toxicidade , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/efeitos adversos , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/sangue , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Linolênico/efeitos adversos , Ácido gama-Linolênico/sangue , Ácido gama-Linolênico/metabolismoRESUMO
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of α-chymotrypsin on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. Animals were randomized into four groups (six animals in each). Group I (sham control 0.9 % normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v.); Group III (α-chymotrypsin, 5 mg/kg, p.o.); Group IV (α-chymotrypsin, 10 mg/kg p.o.). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by α-chymotrypsin supplementation therapy for 100 days. MNU treatment was evident with increased alveolar bud count, differentiation score, upregulated inflammatory enzymes markers (COX, LOX and NO) antioxidative stress markers (TBARs, SOD, catalase and GSH).MNU associated toxicity was also ascertained by PGP 9.5 and NF-κB expression in the mammary gland tissue followed by FAME analysis for fatty acid profiling. α-chymotrypsin afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
Assuntos
Quimotripsina/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/metabolismo , Metilnitrosoureia/toxicidade , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ficus racemosa (FR) has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic system of medicine in India and is closely associated with prevention, treatment and cure of various human ailments like obesity and diabetes. It is popularly known as gular. A vast and wide range of chemical compounds like polyphenols, friedelane-type triterpenes, norfriedelane type triterpene, eudesmane-type sesquiterpene including various glycosides had been isolated from this plant. However, no detail studies related to isolation of flavonoids has been reported previously with their antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and toxicological consequences. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was undertaken to evaluate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and toxicological assessments of flavonoids isolated from Ficus racemosa (FR) stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated four flavonoids from stem bark of FR and structures were confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (both 1D and 2D), mass spectroscopy (MS). Later, these flavonoids were administered to streptozotocin (STZ) rats once in a day for a period of seven days at 100mg/kg dose. We measured blood glucose level and body weight changes at different days (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days). Serum lipid profiles were also estimated to investigate the hypolipidemic potential of flavonoids in the similar experiment. Various oxidative stress parameters in pancreas and liver and hepatic biomarker enzymes in plasma were also determined to investigate the toxicity potential of isolated flavonoids. Finally, we performed docking studies to find out the mechanism of action. RESULTS: Our results collectively suggested that four flavonoids reduced blood glucose level and restored body weight, signifying antidiabetic action. There were reduction of other lipid profile parameters and increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) during administration of flavonoids, also signifying hypolipidemic action. Various oxidative stress biomarkers and hepatic enzymes levels were also normalized with respect to diabetic control at the same time. Docking studies revealed that isolated flavonoids showed their antidiabetic potential via binding to PPARγ and GLUT1 receptors. CONCLUSION: The isolated four flavonoids demonstrated good antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties in STZ diabetic rats which supported the use of FR stem bark as useful supplementary drug for future antidiabetic therapy.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Ficus/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Casca de Planta/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Religion and its practices have been duly implicated in treating not only problems related to medical health, rather, intervening and preventing such problems as well. In the present article, the authors have reviewed significance of the Islamic prayers (Salah/Namaaz) in healthcare in general and mental health in particular. The nature, procedures, practices and the benefits of Salah have been comprehensively described and discussed. In addition, an attempt to combine yoga and its practices with Salah has been made for intervening and preventing the problems of mental health as an expeditious tool. In upshot, the clinicians in the field of mental health care have been suggested to incorporate these two viewpoints in their intervention program, at least, for the Muslim patients for a more desirable outcome.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacological effect of Nyctanthes arbortristis (NAT) leaf extract in the prevention of lung injury induced by silica particles. METHOD: Lung injury was induced in Swiss mice through inhalation exposure to silica particles (< 5 mu) using a Flow Past Nose Only Inhalation Chamber at the rate of -10 mg/m3 respirable mass for 5 h. Lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collected between 48 and 72 h was subjected to protein profiling by electrophoresis and cytokine evaluation by solid phase sandwich ELISA. Lung histopathology was performed to evaluate lung injury. RESULTS: Inhalation of silica increased the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and of the 66 and 63 kDa peptides in the BAL fluid in comparison to sham-treated control. Pre-treatment of silica exposed mice with NAT leaf extract significantly prevented the accumulation of TNF-alpha in the BAL fluid, but the 66 and 63 kDa peptides remained unchanged. The extract was also effective in the prevention of silica-induced early fibrogenic reactions like congestion, edema and infiltration of nucleated cells in the interstitial alveolar spaces, and thickening of alveolar septa in mouse lung. CONCLUSION: NAT leaf extract helps in bypassing silica induced initial lung injury in mice.