Phytochemical Analysis by FTIR of Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium, DC Fruit Ethanol Extract, N-hexan, Ethyl Acetate and Water Fraction.

Background: Andaliman fruit is used as spice in Batak cuisine, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The potency of andaliman fruit extract as herbal medicine is widely studied. Many studies elaborate the benefits of andaliman fruit extract as an antioxidant, antibacterial or anticancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical compounds of andaliman fruit extract and its fractions. Methods: The andaliman fruit was originated from Balige city, Tobasa Regency, North Sumatera. The extract was made by maceration within ethanol and followed by fractionation with n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions, thin layer chromatography, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer were performed. Results: This study found andaliman fruit ethanol extract consists of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpens, and steroids. The n-hexan fraction consists of triterpens and steroids, ethyl acetate fraction consists of flavonoids and glycosides, and water fraction consists of alkaloid, flavonoid, and glycosides. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had eight color spots, n-hexan and ethyl acetate fraction had five color spots and water fraction had two color spots. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had functional group of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The n-hexan fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The ethyl acetate fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The water fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, and C-O. Conclusion: Phytochemical screening found that andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water fraction positive of phytochemical compounds. The FTIR of andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction showed the absorbance of C-H alkanes, O-H, C-O, and C=C alkenes indicating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponin.

The effect of roselle leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract gel on wound healing.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) belongs to the genus Hibiscus with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Scientific evidence associated roselle content with bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Most studies focused on their petals, while research on leaf extract on wound healing has never been done. This study aimed to assess the effect of roselle leaf extract on wound healing in rats. This was an experimental laboratory study with a posttest-only control group design. There were 30 rats divided into 5 groups: negative control, 5%, 10%, and 15% roselle leaf extract, and positive control (bioplacenton). The parameters assessed in this research were wound size and histological assessment. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness in the 15% group were the largest (84.17%; 64.69 µm). The lowest value was recorded in placebo (64%; 36.33 µm). Meanwhile, wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness of rats in the 5% and 10% groups were 68.53%, 43,57 µm, and 78.11%, 56.49 µm, respectively. Finally, positive control had a 77.44% wound healing percentage and 49.7 µm epithelial thickness. There were no significant differences in wound healing and epithelial thickness among the groups. Roselle leaf extract at 15% concentration showed greater wound healing properties based on clinical and histological assessment. Although there were no statistically significant differences, roselle leaf showed an opportunity to be further investigated as a potential wound healing therapy.

The effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract on the growth inhibition of Candida albicans.

Aim Candida albicans can cause two major types of infections: superficial infections (such as oral or vaginal candidiasis) as well as life-threatening systemic infections, and Aloe vera extract is one of the potentially useful therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to determine antifungal properties of Aloe vera ethanol extract on vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. Methods Aloe vera ethanol extract was prepared by the maceration method with 70% ethanol and dissolved in DMSO into multiple concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%). Candida albicans was cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar for 72 hours and disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of each concentration in comparison with fluconazole. Zones of inhibition at 72 hours were measured and documented, then analysed to get the mean inhibition zone (MIZ). Results After 72 hours, all concentrations of Aloe vera ethanol extract showed inhibition effect against C. albicans with mean inhibition zones of each concentration, 12.450±0.208 mm (6.25%), 13.975±0.457 mm (12.5%), 15.650±0.420 mm (25%), and 17.225±0.512 mm (50%), respectively. Fluconazole revealed comparable antifungal effect with MIZ of 11.025±0.478 mm. Oneway ANOVA test showed a significant effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract on inhibition zone of Candida albicans growth (p<0.005). Conclusion Aloe vera ethanol extract possesses concentration dependent activity against Candida albicans that is comparable with standard antifungal agents.