Two new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans from roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus and their anti-respiratory burst activities / 中国中药杂志

Two prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans were isolated from roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus, with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including ODS, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). They were identified as 5-[6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzenediol(1) and 5-[2H,9H-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-furo[2,3-f]pyrano[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6-yl]-1,3-benzenediol(2) with spectroscopic methods, such as HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR, and named artoheterins B(1) and C(2), respectively. The anti-respiratory burst activities of the two compounds were evaluated with rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). The results showed that 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on respiratory burst of PMNs with IC_(50) values of 0.27 and 1.53 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.

Molecular mechanism and treatment strategy of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer (pmCRC) is common and has been considered as the terminal stage. The theory of "seed and soil" and "oligometastasis" are the acknowledged hypotheses of pathogenesis of pmCRC. In recent years, the molecular mechanism related to pmCRC has been deeply researched. We realize that the formation of peritoneal metastasis, from detachment of cells from primary tumor to mesothelial adhesion and invasion, depends on the interplay of multiple molecules. Various components of tumor microenvironment also work as regulators in this process. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been widely used in clinical practice as an established treatment for pmCRC. Besides systemic chemotherapy, targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs are also increasingly used to improve prognosis. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies related to pmCRC.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Influencing Factors of Protein Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis：a Cross-sectional Study / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome types and influencing factors of protein-energy wasting （PEW） in chronic kidney disease （CKD） undergoing maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）. MethodsAccording to diagnostic criteria， 164 patients with MHD were divided into PEW group and non-PEW group. The clinical data of all patients were collected， including general information such as gender， age， height and weight， disease characteristics such as course， cormobidity， and haemodialysis duration， laboratory indicators such as blood routine， liver function， renal function， electrolyte， blood lipid， grip strength， and the four examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the influencing factors of PEW by taking the clinical indicators with significant differences between the two groups （P＜0.05） as the independent variables， diagnosis of PEW as the dependent variable， and normal values as the reference. ResultsOut of 164 patients with MHD， there were 96 （58.5%） cases in PEW group and 68 cases （41.5%） in non-PEW group. Compared to the non-PEW group，PEW group had increased age， ratios of bedrest， deep vein preservation， edema， and low grip strength， percentages of comorbidities type 2 diabetes， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，infections and anemia， and levels of alanine aminotransferase and permine amin aminotransferase， as well as decreased body mass index， self-care ratio，internal arteriovenous fistula， red blood cell count， hemoglobin， serum total protein， serum albumin levels （P＜0.05）. The PEW group had significantly higher frequency of poor appetite and digestion， abdominal distension， fear of cold and preference of warmth， weak breathing and fatigue， poor appetite， oliguria， nausea and vomiting than non-PEW group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of both yin and yang deficiency syndrome and damp-turbidity syndrome were significantly higher in the PEW group than the non-PEW group， while that of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome and stirring of wind syndrome were lower （P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI （＜22 kg/m2）， inability to take care of oneself， low grip strength，low serum albumin （＜38 g/L）， infection， older age， fear of cold and cold limbs，and poor appetite were the risk factors of PEW in patients undergoing MHD （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe root syndrome of MHD-PEW patients is both yin and yang deficiency， concurrent with damp-turbidity syndrome. Low BMI， low serum albumin， infection and older age may be the influencing factors of PEW in patients undergoing MHD.

Preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanism of Xiaoer Feike Granules on chronic bronchitis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Xiaoer Feike Granules(XEFK) on chronic bronchitis in rats and its mechanism. Except for 10 rats in the blank group, the remaining 50 of the 60 SD rats were used to establish a model of chronic bronchitis induced by LPS. On the 22 nd day, the model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their body weight, and administrated with purified water, Keteling Capsules 0.11 g·kg~(-1), XEFK 3.2, 1.6 and 0.8 g·kg~(-1)(the dosing concentrations were 0.32, 0.16, 0.08 g·mL~(-1), respectively). These rats took the corresponding drug orally once a day, for consecutive 21 days. The rats were anesthetized 1 hour after the last administration, and the lavage bronchus and alveoli were collected. Then, after the fixation of the smear, neutrophils were counted microscopically, and the contents of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were detected by colorimetric method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content changes of T cell subsets CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~(+ )in serum. Hemorheology related indexes were detected by automatic hemorheology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum. The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA in lung was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the bronchitis tissues. Compared with the model group, XEFK high and medium dose groups could significantly reduce the contents of neutrophils and MDA in bronchial lavage fluid, and increase the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in BALF, and repair the chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and lymphoid tissue hyperplasia in the bronchial mucosal layer and submucosal layer. The high-dose group could reduce the plasma viscosity of rats, but there was no statistical difference in other hemorheological indexes. CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~+, IL-2 and IL-10 contents in each dose group were significantly increased, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 contents were significantly decreased in serum. Each dose group could significantly down-regulate the expression level of TNF-α mRNA in the lung and increase the expression of IL-10 mRNA. XEFK could reduce lipid peroxidation, increase the content of peripheral blood T cell subsets, regulate the release and secretion of inflammatory factors, and repair the morphological and pathological changes of bronchial tissue. Its mechanism might be related to the improvement of inflammatory response and the enhancement of immune function.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Shenling Baizhu San in Treatment of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Shenling Baizhu San combined with thyroxine tablets in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Method:The 68 patients with HT were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 34 patients in each group. Control group was treated with thyroxine tablets alone, while treatment group was treated with modified Shenling Baizhu San in addition to the therapy of control group. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free Thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin were observed before and after treatment in the two groups of HT patients. The changes of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, and the safety of TCM prescription were observed. Result:After 3 months of treatment, the effective rate of treatment group was 91.2%, which was significantly higher than 70.6% of control group, with statistically significant difference (PPP3 and FT4 in treatment group and control group increased significantly after 3 months of treatment (PPPPConclusion:Modified Shenling Baizhu San combined with thyroxine tablets in the treatment of HT is more effective than simple thyroxine tablets, which is worthy of further clinical and experimental study.

Heijiangdan ointment relieves oxidative stress from radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-ray in mice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Heijiangdan Ointment ( HJD) on oxidative stress in (60)Co γ-ray radiation-induced dermatitis in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female Wistar mice with grade 4 radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-rays were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group); the HJD-treated, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)-treated, Trolox-treated, and untreated groups, along with a negative control group. On the 11th and 21st days after treatment, 6 mice in each group were chosen for evaluation. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected using spectrophotometric methods. The fibroblast mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were analyzed by western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the untreated group, the levels of SOD, MDA and LDH, on the 11th and 21st days after treatment showed significant difference (P<0.05). TEM analysis indicated that fibroblast mitochondria in the untreated group exhibited swelling and the cristae appeared fractured, while in the HJD group, the swelling of mitochondria was limited and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared more relaxed. The expressions of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 increased in the untreated group compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the expression of FGF-2, rhEGF and Trolox in the HJD group were significantly increased compared with the untreated group (P<0.05), or compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 showed significant difference between untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05). HJD and Trolox increased the level of TGF-β1 and the difference was marked as compared with the untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HJD relieves oxidative stress-induced injury, increases the antioxidant activity, mitigates the fibroblast mitochondrial damage, up-regulates the expression of growth factor, and promotes mitochondrial repair in mice.</p>

Effects of electroacupuncture at Chize (LU 5) versus Shangjuxu (ST 37) in rats with ulcerative colitis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To compare the effects between electroacupuncture (EA) at Chize (LU 5, the He-Sea point of the Lung Meridian) and Shangjuxu (ST 37, the lower He-Sea point of the large intestine) in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) on the variations of mesenteric microcirculation and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the colon, lung, and hypothalamus. The relative specificity of acupoints was also explored. Methods: A total of 28 male Wistar rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group, a Chize (LU 5) group and a Shangjuxu (ST 37) group, 7 rats in each group. The UC model was established by enema with acetic acid. Since the third day after modeling, rats in the Chize (LU 5) group and Shangjuxu (ST 37) group respectively received EA at Chize (LU 5) and Shangjuxu (ST 37), 15 min each time for successive 7 d. The variations of mesenteric microvascular calibers and blood flow status were observed by a microcirculation microscopic tester; VIP in the colon, lung and hypothalamus was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results:Compared with the normal group, the mesenteric microvascular calibers were significantly expanded in the model group (P0.05); compared with the model group and Chize (LU 5) group, the calibers were obviously shrunk in Shangjuxu (ST 37) group (P0.05). The colonic VIP levels in the model group and Chize (LU 5) group were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P0.05). Conclusion:The effects of Chize (LU 5) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) were different in treating UC. Shangjuxu (ST 37) showed a more significant efficacy in down-regulating VIP in the colon and regulating mesenteric microcirculation, while the effects of Chize (LU 5) were not obvious.

Experimental Study of Vesiculation Moxibustion for Prevention and Treatment of Rat Hepatic Fibrosis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of vesiculation moxibustion on rat hepatic fibrosis (HF).Methods Thirty rats were randomly allocated to treatment, model and control groups, 10 rats each. A rat model of HF was made by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. At three weeks after model making, the treatment group was treated by vesiculation moxibustion 6 hrs twice a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Body weight, liver wet weight, liver index, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents, and serum and liver typeⅢ procollagen (PCⅢ), typeⅣ collagen (Ⅳ-C), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) contents were measured in every group of rats.Results There were statistically significant differences in HF severity grade and HF tissue collagen analysis indices between the model group of rats and the treatment group or the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in body weight, liver wet weight and liver index between the model and control groups of rats (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in liver wet weight and liver index between the treatment and model groups of rats (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in serum ALT and AST contents, and serum and liver PCⅢ,Ⅳ-C, HA and LN contents between the model and control groups of rats (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in serum ALT and AST contents, and serum and liverⅣ-C, HA and LN contents between the treatment and model groups of rats (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in serum PCⅢ content between the treatment and model groups of rats (P<0.01).Conclusion Vesiculation moxibustion has some preventive and therapeutic effects on rat hepatic fibrosis.

Effects of methyl cantharidimide tablets on urinary protein and enzymes in Beagle dogs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the nephrotoxic effects of methyl cantharidimide tablets on urinary protein and enzymes in Beagle dogs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Beagle dogs were randomly divided into negative control group(blank tablet), methyl cantharidimide tablets group (6.11,12.21, 24.42 mg x kg(-1)), continuously 30 days of oral adminiStration, once a day. The drug and control group were collected and determined fresh urine in 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the administration; Serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Crea), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) as well as sodium, potassium, chloride electrolyte were determined on 15 and 30 days of the administration; Urine albumin (mAlb), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin( NGAL), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), clusterin, beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-MG), alanine aminopeptidase( AAP) and im- munoglobulins IgG were tested on 15 and 30 days of the administration.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control group, urine protein and white blood cells was significantly increased in each dose group. On 15 days of the administration, mAlb were higher in each dose group, KIM-1, NGAL, clusterin, NAG and AAP were significantly higher in high-dose group, while the middle and low dose group had no significant difference, as well as blood SCr and BUN no obvious abnormalities. On 30 days, mAlb, KIM-1, clusterin, NAG, AAP were increased in each dose group, appearing dose-effect relationship, beta2-MG and NGAL levels were significantly increased in high-dose group. Contents above indicators were increased with significant dose and time relationship, and serum BUN, Scr were correlated, suggesting that urine mAlb, KIM-1, clusterin, NAG and AAP indicators that can sensitively respond the changes of proteins and enzymes in urine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Methyl cantharidimide tablets has a renal toxicity, urine mAlb, KIM-1, clusterin, NAG and AAP can be used as the early nephrotoxic biomarkers of methyl cantharidimide tablets.</p>

Effects of syndrome-differentiation acupuncture on life quality in patients with functional dyspepsia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of syndrome-differentiation acupuncture on life quality in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and five cases of FD were randomly divided into a syndrome-differentiation acupuncture group, a regular acupuncture group and a non-acupoint group, 35 cases in each one. Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Zusanli (ST 36) were selected as main acupoints in the syndrome-differentiation acupuncture group. After syndrome differentiation, Danzhong (CV 17) and Zhangmen (LR 13) were added for those with stagnation of liver qi; Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21) were added for those with deficiency of spleen-stomach qi; Qimen (LR 14) and Taichong (LR 3) were added for liver-qi invading stomach and Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Neiting (ST 44) were added for dampness-heat blocking stomach. The selection of acupoints in the regular acupuncture group was the same as main acupoints in the syndrome-differentiation acupuncture group. The points 10 mm lateral to the main acupoints were selected in the non-acupoint group. The treatment was given once a day, six days as a treatment course and totally two courses were required. The symptom total score, health-related quality of life survey (SF-36) and Nepean dyspepsia index (NDI) were evaluated before and after the treatment as well as one month after the treatment (follow-up visit), respectively. The efficacy was also assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment, the total effective rate was 87.5% (28/32) in the syndrome-differentiation acupuncture group, which was superior to 74.2% (23/31) in the regular acupuncture group and 20.7% (6/29) in the non-acupoint group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared before the treatment, the SF-36, NDI and symptom total score after the treatment and in the follow-up visit were all obviously improved in the syndrome-differentiation acupuncture group and regular acupuncture group (all P < 0.05), which was the most obvious in the syndrome-differentiation acupuncture group [after the treatment, SF-36: 84.54 +/- 5.93 vs 81.44 +/- 6.22, 63.46 +/- 6.59; NDSI: 18.94 +/- 9.30 vs 21.23 +/- 8.39, 43.93 +/- 11.26; NDLQI: 71.42 +/- 7.23 vs 63.11 +/- 7.06, 54.87 +/- 6.00; symptom total score: 22.06 +/- 15.80 vs 32.52 +/- 16.88, 47.97 +/- 10.92]; the improvement in the regular acupuncture group was more obvious than that in the non-acupoint group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared before the treatment, only NDSI score was improved in the non-acupoint group after the treatment (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The syndrome-differentiation acupuncture could obviously improve patient's life quality in the treatment of FD, which is an effective therapy for FD.</p>

Pathological basis of qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer viewing from tumor metastasis related factors / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expressions of tumor metastasis related factors (TMRF) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for exploring the molecular mechanism for genesis of qi-deficiency and blood stasis (QDBS) syndrome in patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty selected NSCLC patients of stage II B/III were differentiated into the QDBS group and the non-QDBS group according to the Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation criteria, 40 in each group. The serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES) and soluble intercellular adhesive molecule-1 (slCAM-1) in patients were detected by ELISA, and the expression of adhesive molecule CD44 in peripheral blood was determined using flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of VEGF (1002.78 +/- 312.08 ng/L), ES (120.88 +/- 20.00 microg/L), slCAM-1 (531.78 +/- 213.37 microg/L) and CD44 (136.65 +/- 29.60) were significantly higher in patients of QDBS group than in patients of non-QDBS group (653.18 +/- 318.99 ng/L, 98.29 +/- 23.92 microg/L, 409.36 +/- 167.65 microg/L and 98.46 +/- 20.64, respectively, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Objective inner links are found between the QDBS syndrome and TMRF in NSCLC patients; serum levels of VEGF, ES, slCAM-1 and CD44 can be served as the microcosmic basis for QDBS syndrome differentiation.</p>

Purification technology of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Fufang Xuelian dropping pills by macroporous resin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the purification technology of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Fufang Xuelian dropping pills by macroporous resin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Taking osthole, isomperatorin as index ingredients, the type of resin sampling amount and elution solvent were decided, and the influence of sample concentration pH of sample and ratio of diameter to height of column to adsorption were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>HPD400A was chosen to purify, the suitable sampling ratio of resin volume to raw material was 1:2; pH 3.5 (crude drug) and ratio of diameter to height was 1:7; 95% ethanol of the elution solvent was satisfactory eluant for desorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPD400A macroporous resin can be used to purify Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis.</p>