RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of water immersion in horses recovering from general anesthesia. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were anesthetized 3 times with halothane and recovered from anesthesia while positioned in lateral or sternal recumbency in a padded recovery stall or while immersed in a hydropool. Cardiovascular and pulmonary functions were monitored before and during anesthesia and during recovery until horses were standing. Measurements and calculated variables included carotid and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (ABP and PAP respectively), cardiac output, heart and respiratory rates, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, minute ventilation, end expiratory transpulmonary pressure (P(endXes)), maximal change in transpulmonary pressure (deltaP(tp)max), total pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and work of breathing (W). RESULTS: Immersion in water during recovery from general anesthesia resulted in values of ABP, PAP P(endXes), deltaP(tp)max, R(L), and W that were significantly greater and values of Cdyn that were significantly less, compared with values obtained during recovery in a padded stall. Mode of recovery had no significant effect on any other measured or calculated variable. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Differences in pulmonary and cardiovascular function between horses during recovery from anesthesia while immersed in water and in a padded recovery stall were attributed to the increased effort needed to overcome the extrathoracic hydrostatic effects of immersion. The combined effect of increased extrathoracic pressure and PAP may contribute to an increased incidence of pulmonary edema in horses during anesthetic recovery in a hydropool.
Assuntos
Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/farmacologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavalos/fisiologia , Hidroterapia/veterinária , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Débito Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos , Débito Cardíaco/fisiologia , Feminino , Halotano/administração & dosagem , Halotano/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Cavalos/cirurgia , Imersão , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
A retrospective study of 40 horses that underwent surgical treatment for sand colic was performed. Three horses were euthanatized and one died during surgery. Of the 36 horses that recovered from anesthesia, five died before discharge from the hospital and seven died after discharge. Twenty-four horses survived at least 12 months. Sand impaction of the right dorsal colon was present in 26 horses. In addition to sand impaction, 10 horses also had colonic displacement or volvulus.