RESUMO
Elizabeth Kubler Ross y la Psicología Gestáltica asumen la música como una expresión terapéutica en la elaboración del duelo, cuando se pierde a un ser querido: expresar el propio estado de ánimo hasta regularizarlo es un medio profundo de acceso a lo real y un elemento que permite representar bellamente aun los contenidos emocionales, como ocurre con Julie Vignon de Courcy, personaje protagónico de la película Tres colores: azul, quien en un accidente de tránsito pierde a su esposo, un célebre compositor, y a su pequeña hija Anna. Aunque experimenta deseos autodestructivos, logra desprenderse de ellos gracias a la música como factor protector, lo cual contribuye a que elabore su duelo y descubra algo esencial: su valía y libertad personal.
Elizabeth Kubler Ross and Gestalt Psychology assume music as a therapeutic expression in the elaboration of mourning, when a loved one is lost: expressing one's state of mind until regularizing it is a profound means of accessing the real and an element that allows beautifully represent even the emotional contents, as it happens with Julie Vignon de Courcy, protagonist of the movie Three colors: blue, who in a traffic accident loses her husband, a famous composer, and his little daughter Anna. Although he experiences self-destructive desires, he manages to get rid of them thanks to music as a protective factor, which helps him to elaborate his grief and discover something essential: his worth and personal freedom.
Assuntos
Humanos , Musicoterapia , Pesar , Fatores de Proteção , Terapia GestaltRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial stress is associated with altered immunity, anxiety, and depression. Repeated social defeat (RSD), a model of social stress, triggers egress of inflammatory myeloid progenitor cells (MPCs; CD11b(+)/Ly6C(hi)) that traffic to the brain, promoting anxiety-like behavior. In parallel, RSD enhances neuroinflammatory signaling and long-lasting social avoidant behavior. Lorazepam and clonazepam are routinely prescribed anxiolytics that act by enhancing GABAergic activity in the brain. Besides binding to the central benzodiazepine binding site (CBBS) in the central nervous system (CNS), lorazepam binds to the translocator protein (TSPO) with high affinity causing immunomodulation. Clonazepam targets the CBBS and has low affinity for the TSPO. Here the aims were to determine if lorazepam and clonazepam would: (1) prevent stress-induced peripheral and central inflammatory responses, and (2) block anxiety and social avoidance behavior in mice subjected to RSD. METHODS: C57/BL6 mice were divided into experimental groups, and treated with either lorazepam (0.10mg/kg), clonazepam (0.25mg/kg) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Behavioral data and tissues were collected the morning after the last cycle of RSD. RESULTS: Lorazepam and clonazepam were effective in attenuating mRNA expression of CRH in the hypothalamus and corticosterone in plasma in mice subjected to RSD. Both drugs blocked stress-induced levels of IL-6 in plasma. Lorazepam and clonazepam had different effects on stress-induced enhancement of myelopoiesis and inhibited trafficking of monocytes and granulocytes in circulation. Furthermore, lorazepam, but not clonazepam, inhibited splenomegaly and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen following RSD. Additionally, lorazepam and clonazepam, blocked stress-induced accumulation of macrophages (CD11b(+)/CD45(high)) in the CNS. In a similar manner, both lorazepam and clonazepam prevented neuroinflammatory signaling and reversed anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior in mice exposed to RSD. CONCLUSION: These data support the notion that lorazepam and clonazepam, aside from exerting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, may have therapeutic potential as neuroimmunomodulators during psychosocial stress. The reversal of RSD-induced behavioral outcomes may be due to the enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission, or some other off-target effect. The peripheral actions of lorazepam, but not clonazepam, seem to be mediated by TSPO activation.