Validation study of the Persian version of the subjective exercise experiences scale (SEES) in Iranian adult individuals.

BACKGROUND: Subjective exercise experiences scale (SEES) is a 12-item questionnaire assessing global psychological responses to exercise, with three constructs including positive well-Being (PWB), psychological distress (PD), and fatigue (FAT). The present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the SEES questionnaire in the Iranian population. METHOD: This cross-sectional psychometric study was conducted on 138 adults immediately after 30 min of walking. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To assess the test-retest reliability, 38 of the participants were requested to fill in the questionnaire again after a week. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The concurrent validity was examined through the correlation matrix between the domains of SEES and SF12. Principle component analysis was performed to determine the factor loading of the measured variables. IBM SPSS statistics 24 was used for all calculations. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.82, 0.82, and 0.81 for the PWB, PD, and FAT, respectively. The ICC value was acceptable for all subscales (ICC for PWB, PD, and FAT were 0.83, 0.88, and 0.74 respectively). There was a weak to moderate correlation between the SEES and SF-12 subclasses. Factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the instrument, explaining 67.21% of the observed variance. Item 3 didn't fit in well with the three constructs and was deleted from the Persian version of the SEES. CONCLUSIONS: The Persian version of the SEES is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the psychological response to the exercise stimulus.

Comparison of low level and high power laser combined with kinesiology taping on shoulder function and musculoskeletal sonography parameters in subacromial impingement syndrome: a Randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is a common cause of shoulder pain. The effects of physiotherapy modalities including low-level laser (LLL) and high power laser (HPL) on the SAIS have mostly been evaluated by the subjective outcome variables accompanied with the controversial findings and none of them has compared a combination of these two modalities, yet. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of low-level laser (LLL) and high power laser (HPL) combined with kinesiology taping (KT), on the pain, function, and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) parameters in the SAIS. METHODS: Thirty patients with SAIS were randomly divided into the LLL-KT, HPL-KT, and sham-KT groups, respectively. Patients received seven treatment sessions. Visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), MSKUS parameters were measured before and 48 hours after the treatment cessation. RESULTS: Pain intensity significantly reduced in the LLL-KT (-2.43 (0.97)), HPL-KT (-3.43 (1.99)), and sham-KT (-2.43 (1.62)) (P < .01). All the SPADI subscales are significantly reduced in all the groups (P < .05), except for the pain in the sham-KT (P = .06). Significant improvements were only observed in the diameters of biceps (P < .05), supraspinatus tendon thickness in short and long axes (P < .05), occupation ratio (P = .004), and echogenicity (P = .03) in the HPL-KT. Although the acromiohumoral distance (AHD) significantly increased in all the groups including the sham-KT (P < .01), supraspinatus tendon thickness significantly decreased (P < .05), and echogenicity increased (P = .003) just in the HPL-KT. CONCLUSIONS: Kinesiology taping method alone is an effective intervention. Nevertheless, adding the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of both LLL and HPL to KT seems to result in better improvement of the pain, function, and MSKUS parameters in the SAIS. Findings of this study suggested that the HPL is more beneficial than the LLL or KT alone for management of the patients with SAIS.

Effects of short-term resistance training and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism and joint function in severe haemophilia A patients with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of short-term resistance training and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism and joint function in patients with haemophilia with osteoporosis. DESIGN: A randomized, controlled, patient and blood sample assessor-blinded, six-week trial, three times weekly. SETTING: Hospital outpatients with severe haemophilia A and osteoporosis. SUBJECTS: Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n = 13), combined resistance training with pulsed electromagnetic fields (RTPEMF, n = 12), pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF, n = 11) and control (n = 12) groups. INTERVENTION: The RT group received 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and placebo pulsed electromagnetic fields. The RTPEMF group received the same exercises with lower repetition and 30 minutes of pulsed electromagnetic fields. The PEMF group was exposed to 60 minutes of pulsed electromagnetic fields (30 Hz and 40 Gauss). MAIN MEASURES: Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, and joint function, using the modified Colorado Questionnaire, were measured before and after the programme. RESULTS: The absolute change of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significant in the RT and RTPEMF groups compared with the control group (25.41 ± 14.40, 15.09 ± 5.51, and -4.73 ± 2.93 U/L, respectively). The absolute changes in the total score for joint function were significant for knees, ankles, and elbows in the RT group (9.2 ± 1.38, 5.1 ± 0.5, and 3.2 ± 0.8, respectively) and the RTPEMF group (7.7 ± 1.0, 3.3 ± 0.6, and 2.5 ± 0.7, respectively) compared to the PEMF and control groups. This value was significant for knee joints in the PEMF group compared to the control group (3.4 ± 0.5 and 0.66 ± 0.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training is effective for improving bone formation and joint function in severe haemophilia A patients with osteoporosis.