Sistema de avaliação de testes psicológicos: histórias contadas e não contadas / Psychological test evaluation system: stories told and untold / Sistema de evaluación de tests psicológicos: historias contadas y no contadas

O Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) recebeu notoriedade entre brasileiros e estrangeiros por oferecer um complexo sistema de qualificação dos testes psicológicos, pouco visto em âmbito mundial. Sua elaboração dependeu de uma autarquia, que o financiou, normatizou e o mantém, mas também de pesquisadores docentes de avaliação psicológica, que trouxeram a expertise da área para que houvesse o pleno estabelecimento de seus parâmetros. Passadas duas décadas de seu lançamento, o SATEPSI foi tema de artigos, capítulos, lives e diálogos digitais, nos quais foram destaque, de modo geral, as Resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que o normatiza, e seus impactos para a área de avaliação psicológica - como, por exemplo, o aumento do número de pesquisas e de testes brasileiros qualificados. O que se pretende neste artigo é mencionar sua construção, à luz dos autores que vivenciaram o SATEPSI em funções e tempos distintos. Atenção especial será dada aos Métodos Projetivos, cuja história ainda é pouco revelada.(AU)

The system to evaluate psychological tests (Satepsi) received notoriety among Brazilians and foreigners for offering a complex system of qualification of psychological tests, which is rarely seen worldwide. Its development depended on an autarchy (which financed, standardized, and maintains it) and on researchers teaching psychological assessment, who brought their expertise to the area so its parameters could be fully established. After two decades of its launch, Satepsi was the subject of articles, chapters, lives, and digital dialogues, which usually highlighted the Resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology that normatize psychological evaluation and their impacts, such as the increase in the number of qualified Brazilian tests. This study aims to mention its construction in the light of the authors who experienced Satepsi in different functions and times, giving special attention to Projective Methods, whose history remains to be shown.(AU)

El Sistema de Evaluación de Tests Psicológicos (SATEPSI) ganó notoriedad entre los brasileños y los extranjeros por ofrecer un complejo sistema de calificación de los tests psicológicos, poco frecuente a nivel mundial. Su elaboración dependió de una autarquía, que lo financió, lo estandarizó y lo mantiene, pero también de investigadores docentes de evaluación psicológica, que trajeron la experiencia del área para que hubiera el pleno establecimiento de sus parámetros. Tras dos décadas de su lanzamiento, SATEPSI fue tema de artículos, capítulos, en directo y diálogos digitales, en los cuales destacaron, de modo general, las Resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología que lo normatiza y sus impactos para el área de evaluación psicológica, como el aumento del número de investigaciones y de pruebas brasileñas calificadas. Lo que se pretende en este artículo es mencionar su construcción, a la luz de los autores que vivieron el SATEPSI en funciones y tiempos distintos. Se prestará especial atención a los métodos proyectivos cuya historia aún no se ha revelado.(AU)

Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis

Abstract Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one ofthe purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. Objective The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, selfesteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. Results Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. Conclusion Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.

Estudos psicométricos da versão brasileira da Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP) / Psychometric studies of the brazilian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness In Parenting Scale (IMP) / Estudios psicométricos de la versión brasileña de Interpersonal Mindfulness In Parenting Scale (IMP)

A Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP) é uma escala de autorrelato que avalia a utilização de habilidades de mindfulness na relação entre pais e filhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar a IMP para o contexto brasileiro e investigar suas propriedades psicométricas. A adaptação para o português brasileiro foi realizada por psicólogas com características do público-alvo do instrumento. Na etapa de busca por evidências de validade, a amostra foi composta por 221 mães de crianças entre seis e 12 anos. Utilizou-se um questionário de caracterização da amostra, IMP e Questionário de Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness (FFMQ-BR). Os resultados indicaram que os itens apresentaram composição fatorial adequada, e a escala demonstrou consistência interna adequada e se correlacionou de forma positiva com escores gerais de mindfulness (FFMQ-BR). Recomenda-se o uso da IMP em futuras investigações brasileiras que tenham como objetivo a mensuração do nível de mindful parenting em mães. (AU)

The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP) is a self-report scale that assesses the use of mindfulness skills in the relationship between parents and children. This study aimed to adapt the IMP to the Brazilian context and to investigate its psychometric properties. The adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese was conducted by psychologists using characteristics of the instrument's target audience. In the search for evidence of validity, the sample consisted of 221 mothers of children between six and twelve years old. A sample characterization questionnaire, IMP, and Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-BR) were used. The results indicated that the items showed adequate factor composition, and the scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency and was positively correlated with overall mindfulness scores (FFMQ-BR). We recommend the use of IMP in future Brazilian investigations aimed at measuring the level of mindful parenting in mothers. (AU)

La Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP) es una escala de autoinforme que evalúa el uso de las habilidades de mindfulness en la relación entre padres e hijos. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar la IMP al contexto brasileño e investigar sus propiedades psicométricas. La adaptación al portugués brasileño fue realizada por psicólogos con características del público objetivo del instrumento. En la búsqueda de evidencias de validez, la muestra estuvo conformada por 221 madres de niños entre seis y doce años. Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización de la muestra, la IMP y el Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-BR). Los resultados indicaron que los ítems tenían una composición factorial adecuada y la escala demostró una consistencia interna adecuada y se correlacionó positivamente con los escores generales de atención plena (FFMQ-BR). Se recomienda el uso de la IMP en futuras investigaciones brasileñas direccionadas a la medición de mindful parenting en las madres. (AU)

Intervenções em Psicologia Positiva na reabilitação de adultos e idosos: revisão da literatura / Positive Psychology interventions in adult and elderly rehabilitation: A literature Review

Resumo A Psicologia Positiva abrange o estudo das potencialidades e virtudes humanas, envolvendo o funcionamento saudável das pessoas. O objetivo dessa revisão foi verificar na literatura a efetividade de intervenções baseadas nos construtos espiritualidade, felicidade, otimismo e esperança sobre o processo de reabilitação de adultos e idosos. A busca resultou em 245 estudos, dos quais somente dez cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. Observaram-se mais estudos envolvendo esperança e espiritualidade, bem como amostras predominantemente compostas por mulheres. Os resultados mostraram tendência a melhor qualidade de vida dos sujeitos com níveis de esperança ou espiritualidade mais elevados, bem como evidência inicial de melhor resposta a tratamentos que se associaram ao fortalecimento de aspectos saudáveis e positivos. Observou-se que são poucos os ensaios controlados relacionados ao tema, pois a Psicologia Positiva é uma área de estudos em expansão, tornando fundamental o aumento de pesquisas para estabelecer resultados consistentes e confirmar as evidências apresentadas na presente revisão.

Abstract Positive Psychology encompasses the study of human potential and virtues, including the healthy functioning of people. The objective of this literature review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions based on the constructs spirituality, happiness, optimism, and hope concerning the rehabilitation of adults and elderly. The search resulted in 245 studies. Of all articles identified, only 10 met the inclusion criteria. There were more studies addressing hope and spirituality and samples composed predominantly of women. The results showed significantly better quality of life in individuals with higher levels of hope or spirituality and revealed initial evidence of better response to treatments associated with the strengthening of healthy and positive aspects. It was found that there are few controlled trials on this topic due to the fact that Positive Psychology is a growing area of study, and therefore more research is essential in order to achieve consistent results and confirm the evidence presented in this study.

Incentive spirometry combined with expiratory positive airway pressure improves asthma control and quality of life in asthma: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The use of the incentive spirometer (IS) and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) provides several benefits in patients with respiratory disorders. However, the effects of the use of these devices coupled (IS + EPAP) are still unknown in asthmatic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of IS associated with EPAP on exercise tolerance (six-minute walk test - 6MWT), lung function (by spirometry), asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire - ACQ) and quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire - AQLQ) in patients with severe asthma. METHODS: Patients were randomised into two groups: IS + EPAP (n = 8) and control (n = 6). The IS + EPAP group performed breathing exercises at home, twice daily for 20 min, over a period of 5 weeks. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in spirometric variables and in the distance walked in the 6MWT in both groups. However, the IS + EPAP group showed an improvement in asthma control (p = 0.002) and quality of life (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the IS + EPAP protocol, when performed at home, provides an improvement in asthma control and quality of life for patients with severe asthma when evaluated by ACQ and AQLQ, respectively.