Tapirira guianensis is Selectively Cytotoxic, Induces Apoptosis to the Glioblastoma and Decreases Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in vivo.

Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumor without effective treatment, which makes this work extremely relevant. The study of the bioactive compounds from medicinal plants plays an important role in the discovery of new drugs.This research investigated the constituents of Tapirira guianensis and its antitumor potential (in vitro and in vivo) in glioblastoma. The T. guianensis extracts were characterized by mass spectrometry. The ethyl acetate partition (01ID) and its fractions 01ID-F2 and 01ID-F4 from T. guianensis showed potential antitumor treatment evidenced by selective cytotoxicity for GAMG with IC50 14.1 µg/mL, 83.07 µg/mL, 59.27 µg/mL and U251 with IC50 25.92 µg/mL, 37.3 µg/mL and 18.84 µg/mL. Fractions 01ID-F2 and 01ID-F4 were 10 times more selective when compared to TMZ and 01ID for the two evaluated cell lines. T. guianensis also reduced matrix metalloproteinases 2 - 01ID-F2 (21.84%), 01ID-F4 (29.6%) and 9 - 01ID-F4 (73.42%), ID-F4 (53.84%) activities, and induced apoptosis mainly through the extrinsic pathway. Furthermore, all treatments significantly reduced tumor size (01ID p < 0,01, 01ID-F2 p < 0,01 and 01ID-F4 p < 0,0001) and caused blood vessels to shrink in vivo. The present findings highlight that T. guianensis exhibits considerable antitumor potential in preclinical studies of glioblastoma. This ability may be related to the phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene derivatives identified in the extracts. This study deserves further in vivo research, followed by clinical investigation.

Efeito da administração oral de extrato etanólico de Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) no desenvolvimento do Tumor Sólido de Ehrlich / Effect of oral administration of the ethanol extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) in the development of Ehrlich Solid Tumor

objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da administração oral diária de extrato etanólico de R.officinalis no desenvolvimento do Tumor Sólido de Ehrlich. Camundongos Swiss foram separados em três grupos A, B e C (n=6). Os animais do grupo A (controle) ingeriram solução salina durante todo o experimento. Os animais do grupo B, a partir do 1º dia, receberam diariamente, por gavagem, uma dose de 100 mg/kg do extrato etanólico de R.officinalis. Os animais do grupo C iniciaram, no 21º dia, a ingestão diária desse extrato. No 21º dia, todos os camundongos foram inoculados subcutaneamente no coxim plantar esquerdo com 2 x 106 células do Tumor de Ehrlich. No 42º dia, os animais foram sacrificados e suas patas foram removidas para análise histopatológica. Os resultados obtidos, através da mensuração da espessura das patas, mostraram que o grupo controle e os grupos que receberam o extrato, apresentaram o mesmo crescimento tumoral. Nas análises histopatológicas, não foram observadas diferenças na morfologia das células tumorais entre os grupos. A administração oral diária de 100 mg/kg de extrato etanólico de Rosmarinus officinalis não afetou o potencial proliferativo de tumor. Outras concentrações do extrato etanólico de Rosmarinus officinalis serão estudadas em experimentos futuros.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily oral administration of ethanol extract of R.officinalis in the development of Ehrlich solid tumor. Swiss mice were divided into three groups A, B and C (n = 6). The animals of group A (control) received saline throughout the experiment. The animals of group B, from day 1, received daily by gavage, a dose of 100 mg/kg of R.officinalis ethanol extract. The animals of group C, on day 21, began the daily intake of this extract. At day 21, all mice were inoculated with 2 x 106 Ehrlich tumor cells in the left footpad. On day 42, the animals were sacrificed; their footpads were measured and removed for histopathological analysis. The results showed that the control group and the groups receiving the extract, before and after tumor inoculation, presented the same tumor growth. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis showed no differences in the morphology of tumor cells between groups. The daily oral administration of 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Rosmarinus officinalis did not affect the proliferative potential of tumor. Other concentrations this ethanol extract times will be studied in future experiments.(AU)

Evaluation of healing wound and genotoxicity potentials from extracts hydroalcoholic of Plantago major and Siparuna guianensis.

Despite the large use of the Plantago major and Siparuna guianensis in traditional medicine, there are no studies demonstrating the effectiveness from extracts of these plants in the healing process by the present methodology. This study reported the effects and toxicity of the P. major and S. guianensis extracts in the wound healing compared with a commercial product used in Brazil by macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Following injury in cervical dorsal area of the mice, the extract from P. major and S. guianensis and ointment was applied after an injury in cervical dorsal area of the mice. Wound healing rates were calculated at 4, 9, 15 and 21 d after the wounding, and tissues were obtained on the ninth day for histological analysis. Moreover, mutagenic assay of extracts was performed. Mutagenicity studies carried out with plant extracts showed not mutagenic with or without metabolic activations. Reduction of the wound area occurred earlier in mice treated with P. major and control treatment. On the 15th day, the complete wound closure occurred in P. major-treated wounds. Throughout ointment and S. guianensis treatment it was not observed the wound closured. Microscopic analyses of the wound, on the ninth day, showed the more efficient formation of the neoepithelium and skin appendages in animals treated with S. guianensis and P. major, while ointment treatment presented no re-epithelialization and absent skin appendages in wound. Thus, P. major extract showed good effects on wound healing processes rendering it a promising candidate for the treatment of wounds what also justified its traditional usage in wound treatment.