Low-Level Light Therapy and Minoxidil Combination Treatment in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of the Literature.

Introduction: We analyzed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of combined therapy with low-level light therapy (LLLT) and topical minoxidil for treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods: A literature search within PubMed identified RCTs evaluating hair regrowth following LLLT and minoxidil. Selection criteria were 600-1,100 nm wavelengths, treatment time ≥16 weeks, and objective evaluation for hair regrowth. Results: Five RCTs compared LLLT with minoxidil (2% or 5%) to 5% minoxidil treatment or LLLT treatment. One study showed combination therapy of LLLT, and 5% minoxidil improved hair density more than monotherapy. Another found combination LLLT with 2% minoxidil induced hair regrowth equivalent to 5% minoxidil. Similarly, another study described LLLT with 5% minoxidil versus minoxidil monotherapy to increase the number of hairs with no statistical difference between groups. One trial found that combination group increased hair regrowth in the first 2 months. The last study found a statistically significant increase in hair density with combined therapy compared to monotherapy. Conclusion: The studies describe either superiority or equivalence of combination therapy to minoxidil monotherapy for AGA. Early outcomes appear to support the superiority of combination therapy, but this advantage wanes at the end of the study periods.

Towards a unified curriculum system based on a public health holistic approach. Renovation of the academic programs at the School of Public Health of Mexico.

Public health training cannot be practiced in isolation, but rather within the framework of substantive conceptual visions, the organizational structure and teaching culture in a broad sense. The School of Public Health of Mexico (ESPM), in the mist of its 100th anniversary, is implementing an educational restructure with the guidance of conceptual and ethical principles. The restructure of the academic pro-grams will follow a constructivist pedagogical model, based on renewed institutional practices that integrates research, teaching and community outreach, making for truly transfor-mative learning. The new design of the whole structure of its academic programs has the objetive of making them flexible, less technical-based but more practical, and a within an uni-fied curricular system that articulates and allows continuity between master's degrees and doctorates programs. In the new structure, the curriculum will have a common core for all the academic programs, emerging from the study of the essential bases of public health, human rights, including gender and social perspectives, principles of global health, ethics of public health practice, environmental and animal health inferences and community outreach in the form of social retribution. The Institute's research groups will be the functional units for investigation and teaching, thus students will be integrated into these at an early stage, under the guidance of a tutor. In this context, the requirements for a comprehensive, unifying and at the same time flexible cur-riculum will support training of Public Health with a holistic approach. The current programs were analyzed including the review of their courses, regarding the pertinence of their contents and proposed competencies. We present herein a description of these observations, and propose a new com-mon core (conceptual-operative) with compulsory courses as the base for all programs. The participation of all academic bodies in reviewing the proposed new common core, as well as the syllabus and courses, identified those that are essential in each program's study concentration area, is indicated.

Evaluation of the MD Anderson tumor score for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era.

OBJECTIVES: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive heterogeneous lymphoma with standard treatment. However, 30%-40% of patients still fail, so we should know which patients are candidates for alternative therapies. IPI is the main prognostic score but, in the rituximab era, it cannot identify a very high-risk (HR) subset. The MD Anderson Cancer Center reported a score in the prerituximab era exclusively considering tumor-related variables: Tumor Score (TS). We aim to validate TS in the rituximab era and to analyze its current potential role. METHODS: From GELTAMO DLBCL registry, we selected those patients homogeneously treated with R-CHOP (n = 1327). RESULTS: Five-years PFS and OS were 62% and 74%. All variables retained an independent prognostic role in the revised TS (R-TS), identifying four different risk groups, with 5-years PFS of 86%, 71%, 50%, and very HR (28%). With a further categorization of three variables of the original TS (Ann Arbor Stage, LDH and B2M), we generated a new index that allowed an improvement in HR assessment. CONCLUSIONS: (a) All variables of the original TS retain an independent prognostic role, and R-TS remains predictive in the rituximab era; (b) R-TS and additional categorization of LDH, B2M, and AA stage (enhanced TS) increased the ability to identify HR subsets.

Structural neuroimaging differentiates vulnerability from disease manifestation in colombian families with Huntington's disease.

INTRODUCTION: The volume of the striatal structures has been associated with disease progression in individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) from North America, Europe, and Australia. However, it is not known whether the gray matter (GM) volume in the striatum is also sensitive in differentiating vulnerability from disease manifestation in HD families from a South-American region known to have high incidence of the disease. In addition, the association of enlarged brain perivascular spaces (PVS) with cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms of HD is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed neuroimaging indicators of global atrophy, PVS burden, and GM tissue volume in the basal ganglia and thalami, in relation to behavioral, motor, and cognitive scores, in 15 HD patients with overt disease manifestation and 14 first-degree relatives not genetically tested, which represent a vulnerable group, from the region of Magdalena, Colombia. RESULTS: Poor fluid intelligence as per the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices was associated with global brain atrophy (p = 0.002) and PVS burden (p ≤ 0.02) in HD patients, where the GM volume in all subcortical structures, with the exception of the right globus pallidus, was associated with motor or cognitive scores. Only the GM volume in the right putamen was associated with envy and MOCA scores (p = 0.008 and 0.015 respectively) in first-degree relatives. CONCLUSION: Striatal GM volume, global brain atrophy and PVS burden may serve as differential indicators of disease manifestation in HD. The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices could be a cognitive test worth to consider in the differentiation of vulnerability versus overt disease in HD.

Validation of the NCCN-IPI for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): the addition of ß2 -microglobulin yields a more accurate GELTAMO-IPI.

The study included 1848 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)patients treated with chemotherapy/rituximab. The aims were to validate the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) and explore the effect of adding high Beta-2 microglobulin (ß2M), primary extranodal presentation and intense treatment to the NCCN-IPI variables in order to develop an improved index. Comparing survival curves, NCCN-IPI discriminated better than IPI, separating four risk groups with 5-year overall survival rates of 93%, 83%, 67% and 49%, but failing to identify a true high-risk population. For the second aim the series was split into training and validation cohorts: in the former the multivariate model identified age, lactate dehydrogenase, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Stage III-IV, and ß2M as independently significant, whereas the NCCN-IPI-selected extranodal sites, primary extranodal presentation and intense treatments were not. These results were confirmed in the validation cohort. The Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante de Médula ósea (GELTAMO)-IPI developed here, with 7 points, significantly separated four risk groups (0, 1-3, 4 or ≥5 points) with 11%, 58%, 17% and 14% of patients, and 5-year overall survival rates of 93%, 79%, 66% and 39%, respectively. In the comparison GELTAMO IPI discriminated better than the NCCN-IPI. In conclusion, GELTAMO-IPI is more accurate than the NCCN-IPI and has statistical and practical advantages in that the better discrimination identifies an authentic high-risk group and is not influenced by primary extranodal presentation or treatments of different intensity.

Plantas medicinales en dos poblados del municipio de San Martín de las Pirámides, Estado de México / Medicinal plants in two towns of the municipality of San Martín de las Pirámides, State of Mexico

La medicina tradicional vigente en todos los grupos étnicos y mestizos de México, es una herencia ancestral sobre el conocimiento de plantas medicinales, que representan un patrimonio cultural que debemos valorar y conservar. El propósito de este estudio es determinar el estado que guarda el conocimiento tradicional sobre plantas medicinales entre los habitantes de Santiago Tepetitlán y la cabecera municipal de San Martín de las Pirámides. Se realizaron entrevistas dirigidas y cuestionarios a estudiantes de nivel básico y medio superior, agricultores, amas de casa, y personas de la tercera edad. La colecta de las plantas medicinales se realizó durante las caminatas guiadas en las dos localidades y sus alrededores. Las personas de las dos comunidades utilizan 96 plantas medicinales, 55 de ellas son de origen silvestre y 23 son cultivadas, 10 arvenses y ocho ruderales. Se agrupan en 46 familias botánicas, siendo Asteraceae la mejor representada (45.6%), Solanaceae (15.2%), Amaranthaceae y Lamiaceae (10.8%), Apiaceae y Fabaceae (8.7%), registran los menores porcentajes. Las plantas medicinales se usan principalmente para problemas del sistema digestivo (31.3%), analgésicas (11.8%) sistema respiratorio (10.8%), piel (8.1%), traumatismos (7.5%), y las utilizadas en sistema reproductor (7.0%). Se encontró que las personas de la tercera edad y amas de casa, son quienes tienen un amplio conocimiento del uso y aplicación de las plantas medicinales. Se recuperó el conocimiento tradicional sobre plantas medicinales que poseen los pobladores, lo que representa una alternativa de atención a sus enfermedades.

The unfolded protein response and the phosphorylations of activating transcription factor 2 in the trans-activation of il23a promoter produced by ß-glucans.

Current views on the control of IL-23 production focus on the regulation of il23a, the gene encoding IL-23 p19, by NF-κB in combination with other transcription factors. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), X2-Box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), activator protein 1 (AP1), SMAD, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPß), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) have been involved in response to LPS, but no data are available regarding the mechanism triggered by the fungal mimic and ß-glucan-containing stimulus zymosan, which produces IL-23 and to a low extent the related cytokine IL-12 p70. Zymosan induced the mobilization of CHOP from the nuclear fractions to phagocytic vesicles. Hypha-forming Candida also induced the nuclear disappearance of CHOP. Assay of transcription factor binding to the il23a promoter showed an increase of Thr(P)-71-Thr(P)-69-activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) binding in response to zymosan. PKC and PKA/mitogen- and stress-activated kinase inhibitors down-regulated Thr(P)-71-ATF2 binding to the il23a promoter and il23a mRNA expression. Consistent with the current concept of complementary phosphorylations on N-terminal Thr-71 and Thr-69 of ATF2 by ERK and p38 MAPK, MEK, and p38 MAPK inhibitors blunted Thr(P)-69-ATF2 binding. Knockdown of atf2 mRNA with siRNA correlated with inhibition of il23a mRNA, but it did not affect the expression of il12/23b and il10 mRNA. These data indicate the following: (i) zymosan decreases nuclear proapoptotic CHOP, most likely by promoting its accumulation in phagocytic vesicles; (ii) zymosan-induced il23a mRNA expression is best explained through coordinated κB- and ATF2-dependent transcription; and (iii) il23a expression relies on complementary phosphorylation of ATF2 on Thr-69 and Thr-71 dependent on PKC and MAPK activities.

The flavonoid (-)-epicatechin affects cytoskeleton proteins and functions in Entamoeba histolytica.

Human amoebiasis is an intestinal disease with a global distribution. Due to reports of parasite resistance or susceptibility reduction to metronidazole treatment, there is a renewed interest for the search of new molecules with antiamoebic activity. The flavonoid (-)-epicatechin that was isolated from the Mexican medicinal plant Geranium mexicanum HBK has an in vitro activity against E. histolytica trophozoites, however its molecular effects have been poorly documented. Using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analysis, we evidenced that E. histolytica cytoskeleton proteins exhibit differential abundance in response to (-)-epicatechin treatment. Moreover, functional assays revealed modification on pathogenic mechanisms associated with cytoskeleton functionality, namely, adhesion, migration, phagocytosis and cytolysis. Consequently, these data suggested that (-)-epicatechin could affect virulence properties of this human pathogen. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This work contributes with some advances in the action mechanisms involved in the antiamoebic effect of the flavonoid (-)-epicatechin. We found that this flavonoid has an unusual effect on trophozoites growth that is dependent of its concentration. Additionally, we reported that (-)-epicatechin affects mainly amebic cytoskeleton proteins, which results in alteration on important virulence mechanisms, like adhesion, migration, phagocytosis and cytolysis. This study provides new knowledge about a potential alternative therapy directed to the treatment of amoebiasis.

Valoración de la evidencia científica para recomendar Annona muricata L (guanábana) como tratamiento o prevención del cáncer / Assessment of scientific evidence recommending Annona muricata L (soursop tree) for cancer prevention or treatment

INTRODUCCIÓN: la divulgación en Internet de remedios maravillosos, para curar enfermedades que son temidas por su posible desenlace fatal, o aquellos curalotodo capaces de solucionar un centenar o más problemas de salud son lamentablemente frecuentes y crean expectativas falsas en pacientes, familiares y hasta en profesionales de la salud. En la Web circula la información de que Annona muricata L puede curar el cáncer. OBJETIVOS: determinar si existe información científica publicada que permita validar el uso de A. muricata para tratar el cáncer en pacientes. MÉTODOS: se realizó una revisión en las principales bases de datos de bibliografía científica biomédica disponibles (BVS-BIREME /11/, COCHRANE /0/, PubMed /5/, LILACS /2/, SciELO /0/, SeCiMed /0/, EBSCO /2/) con las palabras claves Anonna AND muricata AND cancer, así como en Google con la estrategia: graviola AND cancer. La información fue analizada para determinar si podía sustentar la recomendación antes señalada. RESULTADOS: encontramos que los estudios científicos publicados que pudieran sustentar la recomendación de esta planta o alguno de sus extractos son en modelos experimentales in vitro y la mayoría con principios activos puros extraídos. CONCLUSIONES: no existe suficiente evidencia para recomendar el uso de ningún extracto o principio activo de A muricata y la divulgación infundada de sus extraordinarias propiedades anticancerígenas es éticamente inaceptable(AU)

INTRODUCTION: the dissemination of information about fantastic remedies to cure diseases feared by everybody because of their possible fatal outcome, or those cure all substances that may solve more than one hundred health problems is unfortunately frequent on Internet and creates false expectations in patients, relatives and even health professionals. There are some pieces of information on the Web that Annona muricata L. is able to cure cancer. OBJECTIVES: to determine if there is published scientific information that allows validating the use of this plant in the treatment of cancer. METHODS: the main scientific biomedical literature databases available (BVS-BIREME /11/, COCHRANE /0/, PubMed /5/, LILACS /2/, SciELO /0/, SeCiMed /0/, EBSCO /2) were reviewed, using key words as Annona AND muricata AND cancer. Likewise, review was made in Google using graviola and cancer. The obtained information was then analyzed to ascertain whether it can substantiate the above-mentioned recommendation. RESULTS: it was found that the published scientific studies that might substantiate the use of this plant or some of its extracts are based on in vitro experimental models and most of them used pure extracted active principles. CONCLUSIONS: there is not enough evidence to recommend the use of any extract or active principle from A muricata , so the groundless publication of its extraordinary anti-cancer properties is unacceptable from the ethical viewpoint(AU)

Valoración de la evidencia científica para recomendar Annona muricata L (guanábana) como tratamiento o prevención del cáncer / Assessment of scientific evidence recommending Annona muricata L (soursop tree) for cancer prevention or treatment

INTRODUCCIÓN: la divulgación en Internet de remedios maravillosos, para curar enfermedades que son temidas por su posible desenlace fatal, o aquellos curalotodo capaces de solucionar un centenar o más problemas de salud son lamentablemente frecuentes y crean expectativas falsas en pacientes, familiares y hasta en profesionales de la salud. En la Web circula la información de que Annona muricata L puede curar el cáncer. OBJETIVOS: determinar si existe información científica publicada que permita validar el uso de A. muricata para tratar el cáncer en pacientes. MÉTODOS: se realizó una revisión en las principales bases de datos de bibliografía científica biomédica disponibles (BVS-BIREME /11/, COCHRANE /0/, PubMed /5/, LILACS /2/, SciELO /0/, SeCiMed /0/, EBSCO /2/) con las palabras claves Anonna AND muricata AND cancer, así como en Google con la estrategia: graviola AND cancer. La información fue analizada para determinar si podía sustentar la recomendación antes señalada. RESULTADOS: encontramos que los estudios científicos publicados que pudieran sustentar la recomendación de esta planta o alguno de sus extractos son en modelos experimentales in vitro y la mayoría con principios activos puros extraídos. CONCLUSIONES: no existe suficiente evidencia para recomendar el uso de ningún extracto o principio activo de A muricata y la divulgación infundada de sus extraordinarias propiedades anticancerígenas es éticamente inaceptable

INTRODUCTION: the dissemination of information about fantastic remedies to cure diseases feared by everybody because of their possible fatal outcome, or those cure all substances that may solve more than one hundred health problems is unfortunately frequent on Internet and creates false expectations in patients, relatives and even health professionals. There are some pieces of information on the Web that Annona muricata L. is able to cure cancer. OBJECTIVES: to determine if there is published scientific information that allows validating the use of this plant in the treatment of cancer. METHODS: the main scientific biomedical literature databases available (BVS-BIREME /11/, COCHRANE /0/, PubMed /5/, LILACS /2/, SciELO /0/, SeCiMed /0/, EBSCO /2) were reviewed, using key words as Annona AND muricata AND cancer. Likewise, review was made in Google using graviola and cancer. The obtained information was then analyzed to ascertain whether it can substantiate the above-mentioned recommendation. RESULTS: it was found that the published scientific studies that might substantiate the use of this plant or some of its extracts are based on in vitro experimental models and most of them used pure extracted active principles. CONCLUSIONS: there is not enough evidence to recommend the use of any extract or active principle from A muricata , so the groundless publication of its extraordinary anti-cancer properties is unacceptable from the ethical viewpoint

Structure of the preamyloid dimer of beta-2-microglobulin from covalent labeling and mass spectrometry.

Beta-2-microglobulin (beta2m) self-associates into fibrillar amyloid deposits in the musculoskeletal system of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Previous studies have shown that stoichiometric amounts of Cu(II) at near physiological conditions can cause beta2m to organize into native-like dimers prior to forming amyloid fibrils. Here, we report the results from selective covalent labeling reactions combined with mass spectrometry that provide insight into the amino acid residues that mediate dimer formation in the wild-type protein. Using three complementary covalent labeling reagents, we find that the dimer interface is formed by the antiparallel stacking of ABED beta-sheets from two beta2m monomers. In addition, our data clearly indicate that a dimer interface involving the interactions of D-D strands from separate protein units as seen in the recent crystal structures of two mutant beta2m oligomers is unlikely.

Cloning and functional characterization of the Anopheles albimanus DMT1/NRAMP homolog: implications in iron metabolism in mosquitoes.

In addition to its wide role in metabolism, iron in insects has been implicated in vitellogenesis and the immune response. The NRAMP family comprises a well-conserved family of divalent cation transporters in metazoans. To gain insight on the role of NRAMP in Anopheles albimanus, we cloned a cDNA encoding a 571-residue protein (AnaNRAMP) with the structural features defining the NRAMP family. AnaNRAMP mRNA induced (59)Fe(2+) incorporation when injected into Xenopus oocytes. Western blot analysis revealed that AnaNRAMP is expressed in the head, midgut and at high levels in Malpighian tubules of unfed female mosquito. Upon blood feeding, AnaNRAMP levels were reduced in the midgut whereas they increased in the Malpighian tubules. Using immuno-localization by transmission electron microscopy, AnaNRAMP was localized in the membrane of the intra-cellular concretions or spherites of the Malpighian tubule principal cells. Taken together, our results suggest an important role of AnaNRAMP in iron transport and indicate a role of the mosquito Malpighian tubule as an important organ for iron homeostasis.

Antimalarial 4-phenylcoumarins from the stem bark of Hintonia latiflora.

The EtOAc extract of the stem bark of Hintonia latiflora showed the suppression of total parasitemia and the chemosuppression of schizont numbers, when tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the EtOAc extract, using the in vitro 16 h and the in vivo 4-day suppression tests on P. berghei schizont numbers, led to the isolation of the new compound 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7,4'-dimethoxy-3'-hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (1), along with the known 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3',4'-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2). The structure of compound 1 was established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1 and 2 suppressed the development of P. berghei schizonts in vitro with IC50 values of 24.7 and 25.9 microM, respectively. Compound 2 suppressed the development of schizonts at the dose of 40 mg/kg by 70.8% in the in vivo assay.

Plasmodium berghei ookinetes induce nitric oxide production in Anopheles pseudopunctipennis midguts cultured in vitro.

The Anopheles pseudopunctipennis nitric oxide synthase gene (ApNOS) was identified and its partial sequence showed high homology with NOS from A. stephensi, A. gambiae (putative sequence), and Drosophila melanogaster. ApNOS was mainly expressed in male and female adult mosquitoes and was induced by a blood meal. Nitric oxide (NO) was produced by in vitro-cultured mosquito midguts inoculated by enema with Plasmodium berghei ookinetes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus), but not with Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Serratia marcescens). Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation induced the generation of NO in midguts in vitro, and hydrogen peroxide generated during its oxidation induced ApNOS expression. P. berghei ookinetes exposed in vitro to L-DOPA and sodium nitroprusside (a NO generator) were killed. These observations demonstrate that reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates constitute a part of the cytotoxic arsenal employed by Anopheles mosquitoes against microbial pathogens and Plasmodium ookinetes.

Evaluación de la acción antiinflamatoria del producto FL-1 / Evaluation of the antiinflammatory action of the FL-1 product

Se evaluó la acción antiinflamatoria del producto herbario FL-1 (nueva C-glucosil flavona) con la utilización del modelo de edema de la pata inducido por folmaldehído. Se estudiaron 4 grupos de ratas Wistar: grupo I con dosis de 0,2 mg de FL-1 por kg de peso, grupo II con dosis de 0,3 mg de FL-1 por kg de peso, grupo III con dosis de 18 mg de neomelubrina por kg de peso y grupo IV sin tratamiento. Las mediciones para apreciar cambios de volumen de las patas se efectuaron al inicio, a las 24 y 48 h. El estudio estadístico fue realizado con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (a: 0,05). Hubo diferencias significativas en las mediciones de 24 h entre el I y el IV. A las 48 h también hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos I y IV; II y IV; III y IV. Los resultados indicaron que el producto FL-1 posee acción antiinflamatoria sobre el edema de la pata inducido por formaldehído

Evaluación de la acción antiinflamatoria del producto FL-1 / Evaluation of the antiinflammatory action of the FL-1 product

Se evaluó la acción antiinflamatoria del producto herbario FL-1 (nueva C-glucosil flavona) con la utilización del modelo de edema de la pata inducido por folmaldehído. Se estudiaron 4 grupos de ratas Wistar: grupo I con dosis de 0,2 mg de FL-1 por kg de peso, grupo II con dosis de 0,3 mg de FL-1 por kg de peso, grupo III con dosis de 18 mg de neomelubrina por kg de peso y grupo IV sin tratamiento. Las mediciones para apreciar cambios de volumen de las patas se efectuaron al inicio, a las 24 y 48 h. El estudio estadístico fue realizado con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (a: 0,05). Hubo diferencias significativas en las mediciones de 24 h entre el I y el IV. A las 48 h también hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos I y IV; II y IV; III y IV. Los resultados indicaron que el producto FL-1 posee acción antiinflamatoria sobre el edema de la pata inducido por formaldehído(AU)

Extracto de Aloe barbadensis inyectable en fracturas experimentales / Injectable extract of Aloe barbadensis in experimental fractures

El Aloe barbadensis inyectable (A. barbadensis), es un producto farmacéutico que tiene la propiedad de estimular la cicatrización de heridas. Basado en ello, a un modelo de fractura cerrada de tibia se le administró 3 dosis diferentes de A. barbadensis por vía subcutánea para estudiar su acción sobre el callo óseo. Las dosis de 0,03; 0,1 y 0,18 mg/kg estimularon la cicatrización ósea de forma significativa (p < 0,05). También fue observada una elevación de los valores de hemoglobina además de un descenso de calcio y fósforo sanguíneos en los animales tratados