[Effect of acrylic bone cement mixed with calcium sulfate combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of acrylic cement (PMMA) mixed with calcium sulfate combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic fracture (OVCF). METHODS: The clinical data of 191 patients with OVCF treated with PKP from January 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 patients with 94 vertebral bodies were treated with PMMA mixed with calcium sulfate as the observation group, and 109 patients with 125 vertebral bodies were treated with pure PMMA as the control group. Among the 82 patients in the observation group, there were 16 males and 66 females, with a mean age of (75.35±11.22) years old, including 36 thoracic vertebrae and 58 lumbar vertebrae. In the control group, there were 109 patients, 22 males and 87 females, with an average age of (74.51±9.21) years old, including 63 thoracic vertebrae and 62 lumbar vertebrae. The visual analog scale (VAS) before operation and 1 day, 3 months and 1 year after operation were calculated. The Oswestry disability index (ODI), Cobb's angle, vertebral body height and the probability of postoperative bone cement leakage were used to analyze the efficacy of the two groups. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up for more than one year. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in operation time, bleeding volume and bone cement injection volume between the two groups(P>0.05), while the leakage rate of bone cement was significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in VAS, ODI, Cobb angle, and vertebral body height between the two groups before operation, and 1 day, 3 months, and 1 year after operation (P>0.05), but each index was improved compared with that before operation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PMMA mixed with calcium sulfate has equivalent efficacy in treating OVCF than PMMA alone, but can effectively reduce the probability of cement leakage.

Toxic metals and the risks of sludge from the treatment of wastewater from beryllium smelting.

The release of highly toxic beryllium in sludge (BCS) produced by physico-chemical treatment of beryllium-containing wastewater from Be smelting production has become a growing concern with the widespread use of Be in the defense industry. This work investigated the potential mobility of Be in BCS. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) of BCS showed that the amount of leached Be was up to 202 mg L-1, which exceeded the regulated limit by nearly 10,000 times. The chemical fractionation analysis further revealed that the excessive amount of Be leached from BCS was contributed to the high content of acid-soluble fraction and reducible fraction of Be, which accounted for over 70% of the Be content. The results obtained from mineralogical automatic analyzer (MLA) showed that gypsum (23.23%) and epidote (19.55%) were the two major mineralogical phases of BCS. Both were small and loosely structured agglomerated particles with a D50 of 6.61 µm and 3.31 µm. ToF-SIMS results revealed that the Be distribution on the surface of BCS particles was relatively dispersed, with no aggregation or encapsulation. Be co-precipitated with gypsum and chlorite in the form of unstable Be(OH)2, which attached to the surface of these small particles. The unstable state of Be and the small size, loose structure and high liberation of the host material phases are the main reasons for the high leaching mobility of Be. The results of the risk assessment indicated that BCS posed an extremely high potential ecological risk, with Be being the most significant contributor.

Effect of injury-curing cataplasma on expression of AQP3 in skeletal muscles of rats by regulating cAMP-PKA signal pathway.

Curing-injury Cataplasma to promote regulatory mechanism of acute closed soft tissue injury swelling of rats may be related to inhibit PGE2, regulating the cAMP - PKA signaling pathways, high expression of AQP - 3. SD rats. 48 rats randomly divided into three groups, each group of 16. Blank group: only hair removal treatment, marking the scope, not building; Control group: marking the depilation area shall be made within the scope of acute closed soft tissue injury model of rats, don't give medication; Experimental group: building local injury Papua gels, a fixed tape. Building after 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d four phase randomly put to death in the rat 4, only partial muscle tissue specimens after using Western Blot to detect AQP - 3 protein expression level, enzyme-linked immunoassay detection PGE2, cAMP, the expression of PKA, parallel correlation analysis. In 3 d, 7 d, 14 d three time points, AQP-3 and PKA of Experimental group on the expression is higher than the Control group (P<0.01), the expression of PGE2 and cAMP is lower than the Control group (P<0.01); And Experimental group, Control group and Blank group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Acute closed soft tissue Curing-injury Cataplasma to promote a swelling, may be related to inhibit PGE2, regulating the cAMP - PKA signaling pathways, high expression of AQP - 3.

Simultaneous Determination of Eight Alkaloids in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS after Oral Administration of Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao and Coptis chinensis Franch.

A ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was successfully developed and validated for the identification and determination of eight alkaloids: tetrahydropalmatine (A); palmatine (B); magnoflorine (C); columbamine (D); berberine (E); worenine (F); berberrubine (G) and coptisine (H) in rat plasma, which are the active components in Coptis deltoidea C. Y. cheng et Hsiao (CCY) and Coptis chinensis Franch (CF). The chromatographic separation of analytes was successfully achieved on an Agilent SB-C18 column (1.8 µm, 150 mm × 2.1 mm) using a programme with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.3% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The analytes were detected with a triple quadrupole tandem MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. The validated method showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r² > 0.991), and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) less than 1.1 ng/mL for all analytes, and matrix effects ranged from 85.2% to 106.8%. The mean extraction recoveries were no less than 86.4%, and the precision and accuracy were within the acceptable limits. All analytes were proven to be stable during sample storage and analysis procedures. The method validation results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive, specific, and reliable, which could lay a foundation for the pharmacokinetic study of eight analytes after oral administration of CCY and CF in subsequent studies.

[Treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anesthesia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures under local anesthesia. METHODS: From May 2007 to May 2010,129 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated with PKP under local anesthesia. There were 47 males and 82 females, ranging in age from 61 to 92 years old,with an average of 73.7 years old,including 88 segments of thoracic vertebrae and 101 segments of lumbar vertebrae. Visual analogue scale (VAS),height of vertebral body,Cobb's angle were evaluated before and after operation. RESULTS: Operations were performed successfully in all patients and these patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of 34.2 months. Preoperative,postoperative two weeks and at final follow-up,VAS score was 7.9+/-2.5,2.8+/-1.8,3.0+/-2.2,respectively;Cobb angle was (28.3+/-13.7)degree, (16.2+/-9.8)degree, (19.1+/-10.3)degree, respectively. There was significant difference between postoperative and preoperative, and between at final follow up and preoperative (P<0.05). The height of vertebral body obtained partial recovery. Bone cement leakage occurred in 23 vertebrae (with proportion of 17.8%) during operation,among one patient with temporary clinical symptom of radiculalgia. All lumbago obtained obviously anesis after operation, 1 case complicated with respiratory depression and recovered after resuscitation; 1 case complicated with intestinal obstruction and improved after treatment, 1 case complicated with fracture separation of vertebral body by bone cement, and 4 cases complicated with fracture of adjacent vertebral body. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebral kyphoplasty is an effective method for treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,which can expeditiously relieve pain and effectively recovery height of vertebral body and Cobb angle,it has advantages of minimal invasive. The results of short and mid-term follow-up were satisfactory, long-term follow-up is still needed. Correctly choosing the operative indication and improving surgical technique may avoid complications, especially bone cement leakage which is the most frequent complication.