[Molecular mechanism of resveratrol combined with irinotecan in treatment of colorectal cancer].

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of resveratrol(RES) combined with irinotecan(IRI) in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC). The targets of RES, IRI, and CRC were obtained from databases, and the targets of RES combined with IRI in the treatment of CRC were acquired by Venn diagram. The protein functional cluster analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed. The core target genes were screened out and the target-signaling pathway network was set up. IGEMDOCK was used to dock the core target gene molecules. Besides, the relationship between the expression level of key target genes and the prognosis and immune infiltration of CRC was analyzed. Based on the in vitro cell experiment, the molecular mechanism of RES combined with IRI in the treatment of CRC was explored and analyzed. According to the results, 63 potential targets of RES combined with IRI were obtained for CRC treatment. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed that protein functions included 23% transmembrane signal receptors, 22% protein modifying enzymes, and 14% metabolite converting enzymes. GO analysis indicated that BPs were mainly concentrated in protein autophosphorylation, CCs in receptor complex and plasma membrane, and MFs in transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. Moreover, KEGG signaling pathways were mainly enriched in central carbon metabolism in cancer. The key targets of RES combined with IRI in the treatment of CRC were PIK3CA, EGFR, and IGF1R, all of which were significantly positively correlated with the immune infiltration of CRC. As shown by the molecular docking results, PIK3CA had the most stable binding with RES and IRI. Compared with the results in the control group, the proliferation ability and EGFR protein expression of CRC cells in the RES-treated group, the IRI-treated group, and the RES+IRI treated group significantly decreased. Moreover, the cell proliferation ability and EGFR protein expression level of CRC cells in the RES+IRI treated group were remarkably lower than those in the IRI-treated group. In conclusion, PIK3CA, EGFR, and IGF1R are the key targets of RES combined with IRI in CRC treatment. In addition, RES can inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells and improve IRI chemoresistance by downregulating the EGFR signaling pathway.

[Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells through Akt/mTOR-autophagy pathway].

In recent years, the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC) has made great progress, but chemoresistance is still one of the main reasons for reducing the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer. Therefore, ameliorating chemotherapy resis-tance is an urgent problem to be solved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory role and related molecular mechanisms of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA) in colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) chemoresistance. In this study, HCT116 and HT-29 cells were used as research subjects. Firstly, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay and colony formation assay were used to detect and analyze the effect of HSYA on the proliferation of CRC cells. Secondly, the effect of HSYA on the cell cycle in CRC cells was analyzed by cell cycle assay. Furthermore, the effect of HSYA on the migration of CRC cells was analyzed by wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. Based on the above, the influences of HSYA on 5-FU chemoresistance of CRC cells and related molecular mechanisms were explored and analyzed. The results showed that HSYA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, and arrested the cell cycle in G_0/G_1 phase. In addition, HSYA significantly ameliorated the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5-FU. The results of acridine orange staining and Western blot showed that the autophagy activity of CRC cells in the HSYA and 5-FU combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the 5-FU single drug treatment group. As compared with the 5-FU single drug treatment group, the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B(Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in the HSYA and 5-FU combined treatment group were significantly reduced, indicating that the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the combined treatment group was down-regulated in CRC cells. In conclusion, HSYA may upregulate autophagy activity through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of CRC cells and ameliorating the chemoresistance to 5-FU.

Molecular and physiological mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaf and root in response to nitrogen deficiency.

BACKGROUND: As an economically important crop, tea is strongly nitrogen (N)-dependent. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of N deficiency in tea are not fully understood. Tea cultivar "Chunlv2" [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] were cultured with a nutrient solution with 0 mM [N-deficiency] or 3 mM (Control) NH4NO3 in 6 L pottery pots containing clean river sands. RESULTS: N deficiency significantly decreased N content, dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl) content, L-theanine and the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes, but increased the content of total flavonoids and polyphenols in tea leaves. N deficiency delayed the sprouting time of tea buds. By using the RNA-seq technique and subsequent bioinformatics analysis, 3050 up-regulated and 2688 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were isolated in tea leaves in response to N deficiency. However, only 1025 genes were up-regulated and 744 down-regulated in roots. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that 205 DEGs in tea leaves were enriched in seven GO terms and 152 DEGs in tea roots were enriched in 11 GO items based on P < 0.05. In tea leaves, most GO-enriched DEGs were involved in chlorophyll a/b binding activities, photosynthetic performance, and transport activities. But most of the DEGs in tea roots were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and plant hormones with regard to the GO terms of biological processes. N deficiency significantly increased the expression level of phosphate transporter genes, which indicated that N deficiency might impair phosphorus metabolism in tea leaves. Furthermore, some DEGs, such as probable anion transporter 3 and high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.7, might be of great potential in improving the tolerance of N deficiency in tea plants and further study could work on this area in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated N deficiency inhibited the growth of tea plant, which might be due to altered N metabolism and expression levels of DEGs involved in the photosynthetic performance, transport activity and oxidation-reduction processes.

Co-load of silybin and doxorubicin by MoS2 nanosheets for synergetic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy of lung cancer / 药学学报

The active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, silybin (SBN), can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and enhance the anticancer effect of doxorubicin (DOX). However, due to non-targeting and short half-life of SBN and DOX, as well as different administration routes and pharmacokinetic processes, this combination drug cannot act on the tumor in the set order, seriously eliminating the synergistic effect between them and limiting the effect in vivo. Therefore, we intended to construct a nano-delivery system based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sialic acid (SA), and co-loaded with SBN and DOX. The system induced the release of combined drugs under the dual-stimulation of pH and near infra-red (NIR), increased the free concentration of intracellular drugs, so as to achieve the synergistic effect between them. The animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX circulated in vivo, and effectively accumulated at tumor sites through enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and SA-mediated active targeting. Under near infrared light irradiation, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX realized the combination of synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for tumor, thus achieving excellent anti-tumor effect in vivo. This study can provide a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer. Taken together, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX can offer a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.

Research progress in control strategies of biological clock disorder / 生理学报

Circadian clock is an internal mechanism evolved to adapt to cyclic environmental changes, especially diurnal changes. Keeping the internal clock in synchronization with the external clock is essential for health. Mismatch of the clocks due to phase shift or disruption of molecular clocks may lead to circadian disorders, including abnormal sleep-wake cycles, as well as disrupted rhythms in hormone secretion, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, etc. Long-term circadian disorders are risk factors for various common critical diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and tumor. To prevent or treat the circadian disorders, scientists have conducted extensive research on the function of circadian clocks and their roles in the development of diseases, and screened hundreds of thousands of compounds to find candidates to regulate circadian rhythms. In addition, melatonin, light therapy, exercise therapy, timing and composition of food also play a certain role in relieving associated symptoms. Here, we summarized the progress of both drug- and non-drug-based approaches to prevent and treat circadian clock disorders.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous sucrose iron therapy for recurrent iron deficiency anemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: This retrospective analysis of 90 patients with recurrent IDA from May 2012 to December 2021 was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of the intravenous iron therapy group and the oral iron therapy group. Results: Among the 90 patients with recurrent IDA, 20 were males and 70 were females, with a median age of 40 (range: 14-85) years. A total of 60 patients received intravenous iron supplementation and 30 received oral iron supplementation. The hematologic response rates in the intravenous iron group were significantly higher than those in the oral iron group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment [80.0% (48/60) vs 3.3% (1/30) and 96.7% (58/60) vs 46.7% (14/30), all P<0.001, respectively]. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was also significantly higher in the intravenous iron group than in the oral iron group [38 (4, 66) g/L vs 7 (1, 22) g/L at week 4 and 44.5 (18, 80) g/L vs 19 (3, 53) g/L at week 8, all P<0.001]. The intravenous iron group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved normal hemoglobin levels than the oral iron group (55.0% vs 0 and 90% vs 43.3%, all P<0.001, respectively). Iron metabolism indicators were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in 26 and 7 patients in the intravenous and oral iron groups, respectively. The median increase in serum ferritin (SF) levels in the intravenous iron group 8 weeks after treatment was 113.7 (49.7, 413.5) μg/L, and 54% (14/26) of these patients had SF levels of ≥100 μg/L, which was significantly higher than the median increase in SF levels in the oral iron group [14.0 (5.8, 84.2) μg/L, t=4.760, P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with SF levels of ≥100 μg/L (P=0.013). The incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3% (2/60) in the intravenous iron group, which was significantly lower than that in the oral iron group [20.0% (6/30), P=0.015]. Conclusion: Intravenous iron supplementation is more effective for hematologic response, faster hemoglobin increase, and higher iron storage replenishment rates compared with oral iron supplementation in patients with recurrent IDA, and it is well tolerated by patients.

The Clinical Effect of Pretreatment with Heat-sensitive Moxibustion on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Its Influence on Uterine Artery Blood Flow： A Randomized， Blinded Controlled Trial / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion before menstruation and since the first day of menstruation on primary dysmenorrhoea （PD）， thereby optimizing the clinical treatment plan. MethodsSixty patients with PD were randomly divided into pretreatment group （treated before menstruation） and conventional treatment group （treated since the first day of menstruation） of 30 cases each. For all patients， the area surrounded by bilateral Zigong （EX-CA1） and bilateral Guilai （ST 29） in the supine position， and that formed by bilateral Shenshu （BL 23） and Ciliao （BL 32） in the prone position were selected for circling moxibustion （2 min）， sparrow-pecking moxibustion （1 min）， and then moxibustion along the channels to stimulate the moxibustion sensation and obtain two heat-sensitive points with the best sensation for treatment. In the pretreatment group， moxibustion was applied 3-7 days before the onset of menstruation， and in the conventional treatment group， moxibustion was applied on the day of menstruation. Both groups were treated once daily for 7 days per menstrual cycle for 3 consecutive cycles. The clinical outcomes of the two groups were measured before and after treatment in terms of the COX menstrual pain symptom scale （CMSS） scores， visual analogue scale for pain （VAS） scores， and uterine artery hemodynamic indicators including blood pulsation index （PI） and resistance index （RI）， and the clinical effect was compared. ResultsAfter treatment， the CMSS scores， VAS scores， PI and RI in the two groups decreased， and lower scores were found in the pretreatment group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The total effective rate after treatment was 93.3% （28/30） in the pretreatment group， which was better than 73.3% （22/30） in the conventional treatment group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe clinical effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion before the menstruation for PD was better than that implemented since the first day of menstruation， by significantly improving the patients' dysmenorrhoea symptoms and uterine artery blood flow index.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulates Signaling Pathways to Treat Vitiligo：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Vitiligo， a skin pigmentation disorder caused by the loss of melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin， is manifested as creamy white or ivory white pigmented islands on the head， face， hair， areola， genitals， mucous membranes and traumatic areas with distinct borders， seriously affecting the patient’s social， physical， and mental health. The disease has attracted wide attention in the medical circle as a difficult aesthetic dermatosis with an increasing prevalence year by year. There are still blind spots in the hypotheses that autoimmunity， melanocyte autophagy， oxidative stress， autocytotoxicity， neurohumors， and genetic and environmental factors are associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. The commonly used Western medical therapies， including glucocorticoids， small-molecule antagonists， calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors， biologics， vitamin D derivatives， phototherapy， and surgery are flawed with side effects and prone to recurrence. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） can treat vitiligo via a wide range of pathways and targets， with definite effects and low adverse reactions. Studies have demonstrated that TCM can promote autophagy of melanocytes and protect them from oxidative stress. However， there are few systematic summaries of the signaling pathways in the TCM treatment of vitiligo. Therefore， this paper introduces the main signaling pathways involved in the TCM treatment of vitiligo by reviewing the relevant articles published at home and abroad in recent years. Specifically， the signaling pathways include the molecular hydrogen-activated nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， tyrosine kinase receptor （c-Kit）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus tyrosine protein kinase （JAK）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathways.

The Application of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Infertility.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong reproductive endocrine disease, which is the most common cause of anovular infertility. Modern medicine mainly treats infertile patients with PCOS by improving living habits, ovulation induction therapy, and assisted reproductive technology (ART), but the effect is not satisfied. Complementary alternative medicine (CAM) has conspicuous advantages in the treatment of PCOS infertility due to its good clinical efficacy, wide mechanism of action, and no obvious adverse reactions, but its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of PCOS infertility have not been proved. Based on the existing clinical and experimental studies, this paper looks for the therapeutic effect and the mechanism behind it, and explores the safety and effectiveness of its treatment in PCOS infertility, in order to provide reference for future clinical treatment and experimental research.

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis).

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the agricultural production. As a result, a large amount of N fertilizer is used to improve the yield in modern tea production. Unfortunately, the large amount of N fertilizer input has led to increased plant nitrogen-tolerance and decreased amplitude of yield improvement, which results in significant N loss, energy waste and environment pollution. However, the effects of N-deficiency on the metabolic profiles of tea leaves and roots are not well understood. RESULTS: In this study, seedlings of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Chunlv 2 were treated with 3 mM NH4NO3 (Control) or without NH4NO3 (N-deficiency) for 4 months by sandy culture. The results suggested that N-deficiency induced tea leaf chlorosis, impaired biomass accumulation, decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and N absorption when they were compared to the Control samples. The untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF/MS approach revealed a discrimination of the metabolic profiles between N-deficient tea leaves and roots. The identification and classification of the altered metabolites indicated that N deficiency upregulated the relative abundances of most phenylpropanoids and organic acids, while downregulated the relative abundances of most amino acids in tea leaves. Differentially, N-deficiency induced the accumulation of most carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids in tea roots. The potential biomarkers screened in N-deficient leaves compared to Control implied that N deficiency might reduce the tea quality. Unlike the N-deficient leaves, the potential biomarkers in N-deficient roots indicated an improved stress response might occur in tea roots. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated N deficiency had different effects on the primary and secondary metabolism in tea leaves and roots. The findings of this study will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the N-deficient tea plants and provide a valuable reference for the optimized N nutrient management and the sustainable development in the tea plantations.

Mechanism of electroacupuncture for regulation of lipid production and improvement in obesity by mediating Wnt/ β-catenin pathway through activating SIRT1 / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) for the regulation of lipid production and improvement in obesity by mediating Wnt/β-catenin pathway through activating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).@*METHODS@#Of 75 Wistar male rats, 10 rats were selected randomly as the normal group and fed with standard diet. The rest rats were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish the obesity model. Forty rats of successful modeling were randomized into a model group, an EA group, an EA plus inhibitor group (EA+I group) and an agonist group, 10 rats in each one. In the EA group, EA was applied at "Guanyuan" (CV 4), "Zhongwan" (CV 12), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Fenglong" (ST 40), with continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency and around 1 mA in intensity. The needles were retained for 20 min. In the EA+I group, sirtinol solution was injected from caudal vein and EA was exerted simultaneously. In the agonist group, resveratrol solution was given by intragastric administration. The intervention of the above three groups was given once every two days, 3 times a week, consecutively for 8 weeks. Before and after intervention, body mass and Lee's index were recorded in the rats of each group. After intervention, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were detected in the rats of each group. After intervention, the mass of white adipose tissue (WAT) and the area of adipocytes were compared in the rats among the 5 groups. Using Western blot method, the protein expressions of SIRT1, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), β-catenin, cyclin D1 and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were detected in WAT in the rats of each group.@*RESULTS@#After intervention, compared with the model group, the body mass and Lee's index were reduced in the rats of the EA group and the agonist group (@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture remarkably improves the body mass, Lee's index and blood lipid metabolism and reduces WAT mass and adipocyte size in obesity model rats, which is probably related to up-regulating the protein expression of SIRT1 in WAT, activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inhibiting the expression of PPARγ of downstream lipogenic gene so as to affect lipid production.

[Effects of electroacupuncture on cognitive function and neuronal autophagy in rats with D-galactose induced Alzheimer's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at "Baihui"(GV20) and "Shenshu"(BL23) on the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD)，so as to explore its underlying mechanisms on improvement of AD. METHODS: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, electroacupuncture group and sham electroacupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. The AD rat model was establish by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose for 6 weeks. Rats in the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture (50 Hz, 1 mA)at GV20 and BL23 for 20 min each time after daily intraperitoneal injection. Rats in the sham electroacupuncture group received acupuncture at the local skin of GV20 and BL23 without electricity. After the intervention, Morris water maze and open field test were used to evaluate the learning and cognitive ability of rats in each group. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the numerical density of synaptic in hippocampus, and the immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the paired helical filament protein-1 (PHF-1) in the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detected the expression of autophagy-related proteins phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the hippocampus. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the escape latency of the rats in the model group increased from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.01), and the ratio of the time through the quadrant of the original platform reduced （P<0.01）, in the open field test the distance of exercise, the number of uprights and the rate of exercise time in the central area decreased (P<0.01), meanwhile the density of hippocampus synapses decreased (P<0.01), the positive expression of PHF-1 and the relative expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR all increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the escape latency of rats in the electroacupuncture group was shortened from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.01), and the ratio of the time through the quadrant of the original platform meanwhile, the distance of the open field test, the number of uprights, and the rate of central area exercise time up-regulated (P<0.01), the numerical density of hippocampus synatic increased (P<0.01), the positive expression of PHF-1 and the relative expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR all down-regulated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of PI3K in the sham electroacupuncture group decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture can improve learning and memory and cognitive impairment in AD rats, which may be associated with its effects in regulation of hippocampal autophagy and removal of neurofibrillary tangles by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and Tau protein in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture (MA) on learning-memory ability, changes of ultrastructure of neurons and expression of CDK5 and Tau proteins in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice，so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of Alzheimer's disease (AD)．. METHODS: A total of 45 male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model, EA and MA groups, with 15 mice in each group. The other 15 SAMR1 mice were used as the normal group. In the EA group, EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Shenshu"(BL23) and manual acupuncture was applied to "Baihui"(GV20) for 20 min. In the MA group, MA was applied to GV20 and bilateral BL23 for 20 min. Both group were treated once a day for 31 days, and with an interval of one day between every two 7 days. Morris water maze was performed to assess the animals' learning-memory ability. The morphological changes of hippocampal neurons were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of CDK5, p25 and Tau-5 proteins in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately. RESULTS: ①Compared with the normal group, the average escape latency of Morris water maze test was prolonged in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01), duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant and the number of original platform crossing were significantly shorter and less respectively (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the average escape latency in the EA group was shortened (P<0.05, P <0.01), the duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant and the number of original platform crossing were significantly prolonged and increased (P<0.01); The average escape latency in the MA group was shortened (P<0.05, P <0.01)，and the duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant was prolonged (P<0.05). Compared with the EA group, the average escape latency of the MA group was prolonged (P<0.05), the duration of swimming in the original platform quadrant was shortened(P<0.05). ②Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area had irregular shape and vague structure, reduction in size and number of mitochondria accompanied with swelling, and malformed changes of mitochondrial crest in the model group, which was relatively milder in both EA and MA groups. ③The expression levels of hippocampal Tau-5, p25 and CDK5 proteins were significantly up-regulated in the model group in contrast to the normal group (P<0.01, P<0.05), and obviously down-regulated in both EA and MA groups relevant to the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the EA group, the expression levels of p25 and CDK5 proteins were significantly increased in the MA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EA of BL23 can improve the learning-memory ability in SAMP8 mice, which is associated with its effect in down-regulating the expression of hippocampal CDK5, p25 and Tau-5 proteins.

[Ginger-partitioned moxibustion in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in lung cancer：a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion intervention on gastrointestinal reaction, the quality of life, the counts of blood platelet (PLT) and white blood cells (WBC) after chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. METHODS: The lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy were randomized into observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). In the control group, the intravenous injection with Tropisetron(5 mg) was given 1 h before chemotherapy. In the observation group, in addition to the same treatment as the control group, 2 hours after chemotherapy, ginger-partitioned moxibustion was applied to bilateral Zusanli (ST36), bilateral Neiguan (PC6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST25) for 20 min each time. The treatments were conducted once daily for 3 days. Separately, 2 days before chemotherapy, 24 h and 7 days after chemotherapy, the gastrointestinal reaction score and the score of the quality of life, the PLT and WBC counts were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: The effective rate of the gastrointestinal reaction degree in the observation group were higher than those in the control group 24 h and 7 days after chemotherapy (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after chemotherapy, the score of the quality of life, the PLT and WBC counts were lower as compared with those before the treatment in both groups respectively(P<0.05). Seven days after chemotherapy, the score of the quality of life, the PLT and WBC counts in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The ginger-partitioned moxibustion achieves the definite clinical effect of the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in lung cancer. This therapy is simple in operation, high in safety, absent in obvious adverse reactions and high in patient's compliance.

[Effect of acupuncture in different time on nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy of lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture in different time on nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy of lung cancer. METHODS: A total of 150 patients with chemotherapy for lung cancer were randomized into a No.1 observation group, a No.2 observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each one. Excluded the dropped-off cases, finally, there were 49 cases in the No.1 observation group, 44 cases in the No.2 observation group and 47 cases in the control group. In the control group, 30 min before chemotherapy, the slow intravenous injection with tropisetron hydrochloride was used, 5 mg each time, once a day for 3 days. In the No.1 observation group, 30 min before chemotherapy, the slow intravenous injection with tropisetron hydrochloride was given combined with acupuncture. The acupoints selected were Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Neiguan (PC 6). The needles were retained for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day for 3 days totally. In the No.2 observation group, 30 min before chemotherapy, the slow intravenous injection with tropisetron hydrochloride was used, and 30 min after chemotherapy, acupuncture treatment was exerted. The acupoints and needling method were same as those in the No.1 observation group. Before and after treatment, the digestive reaction score, Karnofsky performance status scale (KPS) score and white blood cell count were all observed in the three groups. Additionally, the therapeutic effect and adverse reaction were observed and the therapeutic effect was compared among the treatment with acupuncture in different time. RESULTS: On the 2nd day of chemotherapy, the effective rates were 85.7% (42/49) and 75.0% (33/44) in the No.1 observation group and the No.2 observation group respectively, both higher obviously than 68.1% (32/47) in the control group (P<0.05), and the effective rate in the No.1 observation group was higher obviously than the No.2 observation group (P<0.05). On the 3rd day of chemotherapy, the effective rates were 81.6% (40/49) and 61.4% (27/44) in the No.1 observation group and the No.2 observation group respectively, both higher obviously than 57.5% (27/47) in the control group (P<0.05), and the effective rate in the No.1 observation group was higher obviously than the No.2 observation group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the KPS scores after treatment were obviously lower in the three groups (P<0.05), and the decreased value of KPS score in the No.1 observation group was much lower than the control group and the No.2 observation group (P<0.05). After 3-day chemotherapy, the white blood cell count was all reduced in each group, but the decreased value was not different statistically among the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with the slow intravenous injection with tropisetron hydrochloride achieve the satisfactory effect of prevention and treatment for vomiting induced by chemotherapy of lung cancer. The acupuncture intervention before chemotherapy greatly improves the effect on the nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy of lung cancer.

[Effect of "Tiaoshen Acupuncture" on postpartum low back pain: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of "Tiaoshen Acupuncture" on postpartum low back pain. METHODS: A total of 98 cases of postpartum low back pain were randomly divided into a control group (45 cases, 4 cases dropping) and a treatment group (47 cases, 2 cases dropping). Conventional acupuncture was treated in the control group, and "Tiaoshen Acupuncture" was added in the treatment group on the basis treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3). The treatment was given 30 minutes each time, 5 times a week, 10 times for a total course of treatment. Before and after treatment, pain was assessed by the short-form of McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), dysfunction was assessed by Oswestry disability index (ODI), and depression was assessed by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). And the changes of various indexs were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the pain grade index (PRI) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score and present pain intensity (PPI) score in SF-MPQ of the control group and the treatment group were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0.001). The ODI score and EPDS score were also significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0.001). The decline scores of the treatment group before and after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: "Tiaoshen Acupuncture" combined with conventional acupuncture and conventional acupuncture can effectively improve the symptoms of pain, dysfunction and depression in patients with postpartum low back pain, and the former is significantly better than the latter.

Comparative acetylomic analysis reveals differentially acetylated proteins regulating anther and pollen development in kenaf cytoplasmic male sterility line.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is widely used in plant breeding and represents a perfect model to understand cyto-nuclear interactions and pollen development research. Lysine acetylation in proteins is a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification (PTM) that plays an important roles in diverse cell processes and signaling. However, studies addressing acetylation PTM regarding to anther and pollen development in CMS background are largely lacking. To reveal the possible mechanism of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) CMS and pollen development, we performed a label-free-based comparative acetylome analysis in kenaf anther of a CMS line and wild-type (Wt). Using whole transcriptome unigenes of kenaf as the reference genome, we identified a total of 1204 Kac (lysin acetylation) sites on 1110 peptides corresponding to 672 unique proteins. Futher analysis showed 56 out of 672 proteins were differentially acetylated between CMS and Wt line, with 13 and 43 of those characterized up- and downregulated, respectively. Thirty-eight and 82 proteins were detected distinctively acetylated in CMS and Wt lines, respectively. And evaluation of the acetylomic and proteomic results indicated that the most significantly acetylated proteins were not associated with abundant changes at the protein level. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that many of these proteins were involved in various biological processes which may play key roles in pollen development, inculding tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and energy metabolism, protein folding, protein metabolism, cell signaling, gene expression regulation. Taken together, our results provide insight into the CMS molecular mechanism and pollen development in kenaf from a protein acetylation perspective.

Discuss on the innovation of core concepts in the teaching of physiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medical education reform mainly focused on the reform of the form and method of teaching but neglected the reform of the teaching concept that has truly penetrated into all aspects of teaching. With reference to the reflection on the teaching goal of physiology and the need of the cultivation of "post competency", the core concepts of physiological teaching are summarized into the following four aspects: "Three Outlooks" must be positive to help students establish a balanced view, a dialectical view, and a holistic view; "Three Fundamentals" should be solid to help students master basic knowledge structure system, cultivate basic knowledge acquisition ability, and improve basic operation skills; students should attach importance to learning and use; humanistic quality should be strengthened. The above core concepts have been widely recognized by students in teaching practice , and clinical medical students have significantly better evaluation of the core concepts than nursing students . Future direction of the subsequent teaching reform should be how to refine the contents of lectures under the guidance of the teaching concepts to adapt to the increasingly detailed specialities.

Discuss on the innovation of core concepts in the teaching of physiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medical education reform mainly focused on the reform of the form and method of teaching but neglected the reform of the teaching concept that has truly penetrated into all aspects of teaching. With reference to the reflection on the teaching goal of physiology and the need of the cultivation of "post competency", the core concepts of physiological teaching are summarized into the following four aspects: "Three Outlooks" must be positive to help students establish a balanced view, a dialectical view, and a holistic view; "Three Fundamentals" should be solid to help students master basic knowledge structure system, cultivate basic knowledge acquisition ability, and improve basic operation skills; students should attach importance to learning and use; humanistic quality should be strengthened. The above core concepts have been widely recognized by students in teaching practice, and clinical medical students have significantly better evaluation of the core concepts than nursing students. Future direction of the subsequent teaching reform should be how to refine the contents of lectures under the guidance of the teaching concepts to adapt to the increasingly detailed specialities.