The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective.

This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata; 44.1 ± 4.2 g). During 90 days, fish were fed three experimental diets with low inclusion of fish oil and containing poultry fat as the main source of lipids, supplemented with graded levels of the tested supplement: 0 (control), 0.1 (SPICY0.1%), and 0.15% (SPICY0.15%). As a result, the pungent spices enhanced the growth performance, the activity of the bile-salt-activated lipase in the intestine, and decreased fat deposit levels within enterocytes. The SPICY0.1% diet reduced the feed conversion ratio and the perivisceral fat index and lipid deposits in the liver. Moreover, the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid in fillet increased in fish fed the SPICY0.1% diet, while the hepatic levels of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in fish fed the SPICY0.15% diet. Furthermore, there was an effect on the expression of some biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in 2-h postprandial fish (fasn, elovl6, scd1b, cyp7a1, lpl, and pparß), and in 48 h fasted-fish fed with the SPICY0.1% diet, a regulation of the intestinal immune response was indicated. However, no significant differences were found in lipid apparent digestibility and proximate macronutrient composition. The spices did not affect biomarkers of hepatic or oxidative stress. No differences in microbial diversity were found, except for an increase in Simpson's Index in the posterior intestine of fish fed the SPICY0.1% diet, reflected in the increased relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi and lower relative abundances of the genera Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, and Peptoniphilus. In conclusion, the supplementation of gilthead seabream diets with pungent spices at an inclusion of 0.1% was beneficial to enhance growth performance and feed utilization; reduce fat accumulation in the visceral cavity, liver, and intestine; and improve the fish health status and condition. Results suggest that the tested supplement can be used as part of a nutritional strategy to promote a more judicious use of fish oil in fish diets due to its decreasing availability and rising costs.

Dietary Debaryomyces hansenii promotes skin and skin mucus defensive capacities in a marine fish model.

The present study explores the effects of two supplementation levels of Debaryomyces hansenii (1.1% and 2.2%) as a probiotic in a reference low fish meal-based diet on the skin mucosal tissue in Sparus aurata. This study includes the evaluation of fish performance coupled with a holistic study of the skin mucosa: i) a transcriptomic study of the skin tissue, and ii) the evaluation of its secreted mucus both in terms of skin mucosal-associated biomarkers and its defensive capacity by means of co-culture analysis with two pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that after 70 days of diet administration, fish fed the diet supplemented with D. hansenii at 1.1% presented increased somatic growth and a better feed conversion ratio, compared to fish fed the control diet. In contrast, fish fed the diet including 2.2% of the probiotic presented intermediate values. Regarding gene regulation, the probiotic administration at 1.1% resulted in 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 53.4% and 46.6% were up- and down-regulated, respectively. In particular, D. hansenii modulated some skin biological processes related to immunity and metabolism. Specifically, D. hansenii administration induced a strong modulation of some immune biological-related processes (61 DEGs), mainly involved in B- and T-cell regulatory pathways. Furthermore, dietary D. hansenii promoted the skin barrier function by the upregulation of anchoring junction genes (23 DEGs), which reinforces the physical defense against potential skin damage. In contrast, the skin showed modulated genes related to extracellular exosome and membrane organization (50 DEGs). This modulated functioning is of great interest, particularly in relation to the increased skin mucus defensive capacity observed in the bacterial co-culture in vitro trials, which could be related to the increased modulation and exudation of the innate immune components from the skin cells into the mucus. In summary, the modulation of innate immune parameters coupled with increased skin barrier function and cell trafficking potentiates the skin's physical barrier and mucus defensive capacity, while maintaining the skin mucosa's homeostatic immune and metabolic status. These findings confirmed the advantages of D. hansenii supplementation in low fish meal-based diets, demonstrating the probiotic benefits on cultured marine species.

Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review.

SIGNIFICANCE: Smartphones come with an enormous array of functionality and are being more widely utilized with specialized attachments in a range of healthcare applications. A review of key developments and uses, with an assessment of strengths/limitations in various clinical workflows, was completed. AIM: Our review studies how smartphone-based imaging (SBI) systems are designed and tested for specialized applications in medicine and healthcare. An evaluation of current research studies is used to provide guidelines for improving the impact of these research advances. APPROACH: First, the established and emerging smartphone capabilities that can be leveraged for biomedical imaging are detailed. Then, methods and materials for fabrication of optical, mechanical, and electrical interface components are summarized. Recent systems were categorized into four groups based on their intended application and clinical workflow: ex vivo diagnostic, in vivo diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment guidance. Lastly, strengths and limitations of current SBI systems within these various applications are discussed. RESULTS: The native smartphone capabilities for biomedical imaging applications include cameras, touchscreens, networking, computation, 3D sensing, audio, and motion, in addition to commercial wearable peripheral devices. Through user-centered design of custom hardware and software interfaces, these capabilities have the potential to enable portable, easy-to-use, point-of-care biomedical imaging systems. However, due to barriers in programming of custom software and on-board image analysis pipelines, many research prototypes fail to achieve a prospective clinical evaluation as intended. Effective clinical use cases appear to be those in which handheld, noninvasive image guidance is needed and accommodated by the clinical workflow. Handheld systems for in vivo, multispectral, and quantitative fluorescence imaging are a promising development for diagnostic and treatment guidance applications. CONCLUSIONS: A holistic assessment of SBI systems must include interpretation of their value for intended clinical settings and how their implementations enable better workflow. A set of six guidelines are proposed to evaluate appropriateness of smartphone utilization in terms of clinical context, completeness, compactness, connectivity, cost, and claims. Ongoing work should prioritize realistic clinical assessments with quantitative and qualitative comparison to non-smartphone systems to clearly demonstrate the value of smartphone-based systems. Improved hardware design to accommodate the rapidly changing smartphone ecosystem, creation of open-source image acquisition and analysis pipelines, and adoption of robust calibration techniques to address phone-to-phone variability are three high priority areas to move SBI research forward.

Effects of music therapy as an adjunct to chest physiotherapy in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Airway clearance therapy (ACT) is considered an important approach to improve airway clearance in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Daily ACT administration requires substantial commitments of time and energy that complicate ACT and reduce its benefits. It is crucial to establish ACT as a positive routine. Music therapy (MT) is an aspect of integrative strategies to ameliorate the psycho-emotional consequences of chronic diseases, and a MT intervention could help children with CF between the ages of 2 and 17 develop a positive response. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of specifically composed and recorded instrumental music as an adjunct to ACT. We compared the use of specifically composed music (Treated Group, TG), music that the patient liked (Placebo Group, PG), and no music (Control Group, CG) during the usual ACT routine in children with CF aged from 2 to 17. The primary outcomes, i.e., enjoyment and perception of time, were evaluated via validated questionnaires. The secondary outcome, i.e., efficiency, was evaluated in terms of avoided healthcare resources. Enjoyment increased after the use of the specifically composed music (children +0.9 units/parents +1.7 units; p<0.05) compared to enjoyment with no music (0 units) and familiar music (+0.5 units). Perception of time was 11.1 min (±3.9) less than the actual time in the TG (p<0.05), 3.9 min (±4.2) more than the actual time in the PG and unchanged in the CG. The potential cost saving related to respiratory exacerbations was €6,704.87, while the cost increased to €33,524.35 in the CG and to €13,409.74 in the PG. In conclusion, the specifically composed, played and compiled instrumental recorded music is an effective adjunct to ACT to establish a positive response and is an efficient option in terms of avoided costs. Trial registered as ISRCTN11161411. ISRCTN registry (www.isrctn.com).

A survey of management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction by pediatric primary health care providers in Spain.

PURPOSE: To survey the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) by pediatric primary health care providers in Spain. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using a web-based questionnaire to evaluate the perceptions of the members of the Pediatric Primary Care Society in Castilla-León, Spain (APAPCYL), regarding management of CNLDO. The questionnaire contained 14 direct questions and was sent by e-mail to all the pediatricians. All the responses were analyzed by the frequency of occurrence and percentages. RESULTS: Ninety physicians responded to the questionnaire. Massage 2 or 3 times a day was the initial treatment advised by 60.47% of pediatricians. Nearly half of the pediatricians recommended continuing massage until symptoms resolved. Fewer than 50% of children required referral to an ophthalmologist. Reasons for an ophthalmic consult included persistence of symptoms among 87.21% of pediatricians and parental/guardian request among 10.5% of pediatricians. According to 45.6% of pediatricians, their knowledge about CNLDO is limited, and 92.2% would like to receive further training on CNLDO. CONCLUSIONS: Massage was the main initial treatment for managing CNLDO among pediatricians. The outcomes of this survey indicated that massage fails in fewer than 50% of patients and an ophthalmic referral is required for these cases.

Post-traumatic Vertical Gaze Paresis in Nine Patients: Special Vulnerability of the Artery of Percheron in Trauma?

PURPOSE: The purpose was to present a case series of vertical gaze paresis in patients with a history of cranioencephalic trauma (CET). METHODS: The clinical characteristics and management are presented of nine patients with a history of CET secondary to motor vehicle accidents with associated vertical gaze paresis. RESULTS: Neuroimaging studies indicated posttraumatic contusion of the thalamic-mesencephalic region in all nine patients who corresponded to the artery of Percheron region; four patients had signs of hemorrhagic transformation. Vertical gaze paresis was present in all patients, ranging from complete paralysis of the upward and downward gaze to a slight limitation of upward gaze. DISCUSSION: Posttraumatic vertical gaze paresis is a rare phenomenon that can occur in isolation or in association with other neurological deficits and can cause a significant limitation in the quality-of-life. Studies in the literature have postulated that the unique anatomy of the angle of penetration of the thalamoperforating and lenticulostriate arteries makes these vessels more vulnerable to isolated selective damage in certain individuals and can cause-specific patterns of CET.

Cupping of the optic disk after methanol poisoning.

PURPOSE: To assess the frequency and significance of optic disk cupping after methanol poisoning. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 50 consecutive patients with methanol poisoning, including visual acuity, pupillary reaction, and optic disk features such as the presence and degree of cupping. All patients were examined in the chronic phase after optic nerve damage. RESULTS: Optic disk cupping ≥0.8 c/d was present in at least one eye of 22 of these 50 patients (43/100 eyes). Severity of cupping was statistically symmetric in the two eyes, and increasing severity of cupping was correlated with worse visual acuity (p=0.007) and increasing visual field loss. Degree of cupping was significantly correlated with increasing patient age but not with putaminal necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Optic disk cupping after methanol poisoning may be more common than previously recognised. Cupping in this setting may reflect toxicity of methanol metabolites to axons and glial cells in the prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, and seems to be important as a marker for worse optic nerve damage.

Dermatosis por ácaros de palomas. Primer reporte de la presencia de Ornithonyssus sylviarum en el Perú / Dermatosis due to pigeon mites. First report of the presence of Ornithonyssus sylviarum in Peru

Introducción: La dermatosis por picadura de ácaros de animales es una patología infrecuente, pero en los últimos meses hemos visto incrementada la incidencia de una zoonosis relacionada a ácaros de palomas silvestres caracterizada por un cuadro clínico polimorfo con presencia de lesiones papulares cupuliformes, eritematosas y excoriaciones por el rascado debido al intenso prurito, presente a cualquier hora del día, distribuidas en tronco y extremidades superiores. Objetivo: Reportar la presencia de una zoonosis emergente. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de 16 pacientes, con diagnóstico clínico y epidemiológico de esta dermatosis atendidos en la Clínica Ricardo Palma de Lima de noviembre a diciembre de 2007. Resultados: De los 16 pacientes incluidos, 12 eran mujeres y 4 varones todos residentes en la ciudad de Lima, con clínica y epidemiología similares, de los cuales 11 referían afectación de otros miembros de su familia. El examen directo en todos los pacientes fue negativo para sarcoptes scabiei. La biopsia de piel se realizó en 10 pacientes y se logró aislar y tipificar al acaro en cuatro muestras encontrándose la presencia de Macronyssidae (Ornithonyssus sylviarum), Dermanyssidae sp. y Áfidos sp (acaros de plantas). El tratamiento consistió en administrar antihistaminicos, permetrina, ivermectina, corticoides tópicos así como la erradicación de nidos, madrigueras y fumigación. Conclusión: Se reporta una zoonosis emergente causada por la presencia de ácaros de palomas silvestres (Ornithonyssus sylviarum y dermanyssus sp). O. sylviarum es oriundo de América del Norte siendo el primer reporte hecho en Perú. Se recomienda aplicar medidas sanitarias a fin de evitar la propalación de esta entidad.

Background: Dermatosis due to animalÆs mite bite is an uncommon pathology, but in recent months we have seen an increas in the incidence of zoonosis related to pigeons mites, characterized by a polymorphous clinical presentation with dome-shape erithematous papular lesions and excoriations by scratching due to intense pruritus, present at any time of the day, and spread over the trunk and upper extremities. Objective: To report the presence of an emerging zoonosis. Methods: A descriptive study of 16 patients with clinical and epidemiological diagnosis of this dermatosis, treated at the Clinica Ricardo Palma in Lima from November to December 2007. Results: Of the 16 patients enrolled, 12 were women and 4 men, all lived in the city of Lima, and presented similar clinical and epidemiology, of which 11 related involvement of other family members. Direct examination in all patients was negative for Sarcoptes scabiei. Skin biopsy was performed in 10 patients and we were able to isolate and characterize the mite in four samples, we found Macronyssidae (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) Dermanyssidae sp. and Aphids sp. (plant mites). The treatment consisted in administering antihistamines, permethrin, ivermectinand topical corticosteroids. Conclusion: We report an emerging zoonosis caused by the presence of mites from wild pigeons (Ornithonyssus sylviarum and Dermanyssus sp). O. sylviarum is native of North America, being this the first report in Peru. Health measures are recommended to avoid propalación this entity.

Evaluación tóxica y genotóxica del extracto fluido de Piper auritum HBK / Toxic and genotoxic assessment of fluid extract from Piper auritum HBK

Se evaluó la toxicidad aguda del extracto fluido de Piper auritum HBK así como su actividad genotóxica a través de dos sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo, uno in vitro empleando la cepa D-30 de Aspergillus nidulans y otro in vivo, el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. Los resultados permiten concluir que el extracto fluido de P auritum HBK mostró muy baja toxicidad aguda y resultó genotóxico in vitro pero no in vivo(AU)

Evaluación tóxica y genotóxica del extracto fluido de Piper auritum H.B.K. / Toxic and genotoxic assessment of fluid extract from Piper auritum H.B.K.

Se evaluó la toxicidad aguda del extracto fluido de Piper auritum H.B.K. así como su actividad genotóxica a través de dos sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo, uno in vitro empleando la cepa D-30 de Aspergillus nidulans y otro in vivo, el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. Los resultados permiten concluir que el extracto fluido de P. auritum H.B.K. mostró muy baja toxicidad aguda y resultó genotóxico in vitro pero no in vivo .

The acute toxicity of fluid extract from Piper auritum H.B.K. as well as its genotoxic activity were evaluated through two short term assay systems, one in vitro using the D-30 strain of Aspergillus nidulans and, another in vivo, the micronuclei assay in mouse bone marrow. The results allow to conclude that the fluid extract from P.auritum H.B.K. showed a very low acute toxicity and that it proved to be genotoxic in vitro but not in vivo .

Evaluación del potencial genotóxico de Boerhavia erecta L / Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Boerhavia erecta L

Se evaluó la actividad mutagénica de un extracto acuoso de follaje liofilizado de Boerhavia erecta L. Se emplearon 2 pruebas: de Ames e inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. En el ensayo de Ames, los resultados fueron negativos en todas las cepas probadas de Salmonella typhimurium: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 y TA 100, con un protocolo de incorporación en placa y concentraciones hasta 5 mg de liofilizado/placa. En el ensayo de micronúcleos, se hicieron 2 administraciones orales a razón de 10 mL/kg, separadas 24 h, con sacrificio 24 h después de la última aplicación. Las dosis fueron 500, 1 000 y 2 000 mg de liofilizado/kg. No se observaron variaciones en la relación entre eritrocitos policromáticos y eritrocitos normocromáticos, indicador de toxicidad medular. Tampoco se encontraron alteraciones significativas en la frecuencia de eritrocitos policromáticos micronucleados entre los distintos grupos de tratamiento. Se comprobó que el extracto acuoso de follaje liofilizado de B erecta no parece inducir efectos mutagénicos en los 2 sistemas de ensayo donde se evaluó(AU)

Evaluación tóxica y genotóxica del extracto fluido de Ocimum gratissimum L / Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of the fluid extract from Ocimum gratissimum L

Se evaluó la toxicidad aguda y la actividad genotóxica del extracto fluido de hojas de Ocimum gratissimum L a través de 2 sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo, uno in vitro con la cepa D-30 de Aspergillus nidulans y otro in vivo, el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. La toxicidad aguda del extracto quedó demostrada por la mortalidad observada que alcanzó el 50 por ciento de los animales en la dosis 3g/kg, que fue dosis dependiente. Se encontró una respuesta genotóxica poco acentuada del extracto fluido al 30 por ciento de O gratissimum. Los resultados permitieron concluir que este extracto mostró efectos tóxicos agudos y signos histológicos de hepatotoxicidad y nefrotoxicidad y no resultó genotóxico sobre la cepa D-30 de Aspergillus nidulans en el ensayo de segregación mitótica y tampoco en el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón(AU)

Evaluación tóxica y genotóxica del extracto fluido de Ocimum gratissimum L / Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of the fluid extract from Ocimum gratissimum L

Se evaluó la toxicidad aguda y la actividad genotóxica del extracto fluido de hojas de Ocimum gratissimum L a través de 2 sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo, uno in vitro con la cepa D-30 de Aspergillus nidulans y otro in vivo, el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. La toxicidad aguda del extracto quedó demostrada por la mortalidad observada que alcanzó el 50 por ciento de los animales en la dosis 3g/kg, que fue dosis dependiente. Se encontró una respuesta genotóxica poco acentuada del extracto fluido al 30 por ciento de O gratissimum. Los resultados permitieron concluir que este extracto mostró efectos tóxicos agudos y signos histológicos de hepatotoxicidad y nefrotoxicidad y no resultó genotóxico sobre la cepa D-30 de Aspergillus nidulans en el ensayo de segregación mitótica y tampoco en el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón

The acute toxicity and the genotoxic activity of the fluid extract of leaves of Ocimum gratissisum L. were evaluated by two short-term assay systems, one in vitro with the strain D-30 from Aspergillus nidulans, and another in vivo, the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow. The acute toxicity of the extract was proved by the mortality observed that rose to 50 % in the 3g/kg dose, which was dose dependant. It was found a little accentuated genotoxic response of the fluid extract of O. gratissimum 30 %. The results allowed to conclude that this extract showed acute toxic effects and histologic signs of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. It was not genotoxic neither for the strain D-30 from Aspergillus nidulans in the mitotic segregation test, nor in the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow.

Evaluación del potencial genotóxico de Boerhavia erecta L / Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Boerhavia erecta L

Se evaluó la actividad mutagénica de un extracto acuoso de follaje liofilizado de Boerhavia erecta L. Se emplearon 2 pruebas: de Ames e inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. En el ensayo de Ames, los resultados fueron negativos en todas las cepas probadas de Salmonella typhimurium: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 y TA 100, con un protocolo de incorporación en placa y concentraciones hasta 5 mg de liofilizado/placa. En el ensayo de micronúcleos, se hicieron 2 administraciones orales a razón de 10 mL/kg, separadas 24 h, con sacrificio 24 h después de la última aplicación. Las dosis fueron 500, 1 000 y 2 000 mg de liofilizado/kg. No se observaron variaciones en la relación entre eritrocitos policromáticos y eritrocitos normocromáticos, indicador de toxicidad medular. Tampoco se encontraron alteraciones significativas en la frecuencia de eritrocitos policromáticos micronucleados entre los distintos grupos de tratamiento. Se comprobó que el extracto acuoso de follaje liofilizado de B erecta no parece inducir efectos mutagénicos en los 2 sistemas de ensayo donde se evaluó

The mutagenic activity of an aqueous extract of freeze-dried foliage of Boerhavia erecta L. was evaluated. 2 tests were used: Ames' test and micronucleus induction in mouse bone marrow. In Ames' test, the results were negative in all the tested strains of Salmonella typhimurium : TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100, with a protocol of incorporation to plaque and concentrations up to 5 mg of freeze-dried/plaque. In the micronucleus test, 2 oral doses of 10 mL/kg were administrated separated by 24 hours, with sacrifice 24 hours after the last application. The doses were 500, 1 000 and 2 000 mg of freeze-dried/kg. No variations were observed in the relation between polychromatic erythrocytes and normochromatic erythrocytes, an indicator of medullary toxicity. No significant alterations were observed in the frequency of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes among the different treatment groups. It was proved that the aqueous extract of freeze-dried foliage of B. Erecta does not seem to induce mutagenic effects in the two assay systems where it was assessed.

Passiflora incarnata L. y Senna alata (L) Roxo: Estudio toxicogenético que emplea 2 sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo / Passiflora incarnata L and Senna alata (L) Roxo: A toxicogenetic study using 2 short-term test systems

Con el objetivo de conocer el posible efecto toxicogenético de los extractos fluidos de Passiflora incarnata L. (pasiflora) y Senna alata (L.) Roxo (guacamaya francesa), se llevó a cabo un estudio mutagénico empleando 2 sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo, uno in vitro y otro in vivo: el modelo Aspergillus nidulans D-30 que detecta daño primario al ADN y el ensayo de inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón el cual determina daño clastogénico y aneugénico. En el ensayo in vitro con el hongo Aspergillus nidulans D-30 (segregación mitótica) se evaluaron concentraciones del extracto fluido de Passiflora incarnata L.; desde 0,162 a 1,296 mg de sólidos totales/mL y para la Senna alata (L.) Roxo, concentraciones de 0,504 a 2,912 mg de sólidos totales/mL. En la prueba in vivo de inducción de micronúcleos se ensayaron para la Passiflora incarnata L. y para la Senna alata (L.) Roxo dosis de 0,607; 1,215; 2, 430 y 1 313,00; 2 625,00; 5 250,00 mg/kg de peso corporal (pc), respectivamente. En ambas baterías de ensayos genotóxicos ninguno de los 2 fitofármacos mostró daño celular ni actividad mutagénica(AU)

Extracto hidroalcohólico de cera de caña no induce daño genético / Hydroalcoholic extract from sugar cane wax does not induce genetic damage

El empleo de las plantas medicinales y sus derivados en la medicina tradicional halla su expresión natural y su desarrollo ulterior en la atención primaria de la salud. Cuba ha sabido aprovechar su rica flora y su vasta tradición en el empleo de los fitofármacos. Dentro de estos productos alternativos se encuentra la cera de caña con propiedades farmacológicas reconocidas (antiinflamatoria, cicatrizante, etc.), la cual es obtenida como subproducto en el proceso de elaboración del azúcar. Los estudios genotóxicos se llevaron a cabo empleando 3 sistemas de ensayos a corto plazo, 2 in vitro y 1 in vivo. Para las pruebas in vitro se emplearon los ensayos de Salmonella/Microsomas (Ames) y segregación mitótica (Aspergillus nidulans D- 30) a una concentración máxima del producto de 5 mg/placa y 1,00 mg/mL, respectivamente. En el ensayo in vivo de inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón se emplearon dosis hasta de 2 000 mg/kg de peso corporal. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el extracto hidroalcohólico de cera de caña no tiene efecto mutagénico en ninguno de los ensayos empleados(AU)

Extracto hidroalcohólico de cera de caña no induce daño genético / Hydroalcoholic extract from sugar cane wax does not induce genetic damage

El empleo de las plantas medicinales y sus derivados en la medicina tradicional halla su expresión natural y su desarrollo ulterior en la atención primaria de la salud. Cuba ha sabido aprovechar su rica flora y su vasta tradición en el empleo de los fitofármacos. Dentro de estos productos alternativos se encuentra la cera de caña con propiedades farmacológicas reconocidas (antiinflamatoria, cicatrizante, etc.), la cual es obtenida como subproducto en el proceso de elaboración del azúcar. Los estudios genotóxicos se llevaron a cabo empleando 3 sistemas de ensayos a corto plazo, 2 in vitro y 1 in vivo. Para las pruebas in vitro se emplearon los ensayos de Salmonella/Microsomas (Ames) y segregación mitótica (Aspergillus nidulans D- 30) a una concentración máxima del producto de 5 mg/placa y 1,00 mg/mL, respectivamente. En el ensayo in vivo de inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón se emplearon dosis hasta de 2 000 mg/kg de peso corporal. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el extracto hidroalcohólico de cera de caña no tiene efecto mutagénico en ninguno de los ensayos empleados

Passiflora incarnata L. y Senna alata (L) Roxo: Estudio toxicogenético que emplea 2 sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo / Passiflora incarnata L and Senna alata (L) Roxo: A toxicogenetic study using 2 short-term test systems

Con el objetivo de conocer el posible efecto toxicogenético de los extractos fluidos de Passiflora incarnata L. (pasiflora) y Senna alata (L.) Roxo (guacamaya francesa), se llevó a cabo un estudio mutagénico empleando 2 sistemas de ensayo a corto plazo, uno in vitro y otro in vivo: el modelo Aspergillus nidulans D-30 que detecta daño primario al ADN y el ensayo de inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón el cual determina daño clastogénico y aneugénico. En el ensayo in vitro con el hongo Aspergillus nidulans D-30 (segregación mitótica) se evaluaron concentraciones del extracto fluido de Passiflora incarnata L.; desde 0,162 a 1,296 mg de sólidos totales/mL y para la Senna alata (L.) Roxo, concentraciones de 0,504 a 2,912 mg de sólidos totales/mL. En la prueba in vivo de inducción de micronúcleos se ensayaron para la Passiflora incarnata L. y para la Senna alata (L.) Roxo dosis de 0,607; 1,215; 2, 430 y 1 313,00; 2 625,00; 5 250,00 mg/kg de peso corporal (pc), respectivamente. En ambas baterías de ensayos genotóxicos ninguno de los 2 fitofármacos mostró daño celular ni actividad mutagénica

Estudio toxicogenético de un polisacárido del gel de Aloe vera L / Toxicogenetic study of a polyssacharide from Aloe vera L. gel

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al evaluar el potencial toxicogenético de un liofilizado de polisacárido previamente dializado obtenido a partir de gel de Aloe vera L. en 2 sistemas de ensayos a corto plazo, empleando un modelo in vitro: el sistema Salmonella/microsoma (Ames) y otro in vivo: el ensayo de inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. En el ensayo de Ames se testaron las cepas TA 100, TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537, de Salmonella typhimurium con y sin activación metabólica (S9) en el rango de concentraciones de 50, 150, 500 y 1500 Ág/placa. En el ensayo de inducción de micronúcleos se ensayaron dosis de 500, 1 000 y 2 000 mg/kg de peso corporal (pc). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el polisacárido de gel de Aloe no fue mutagénico en el sistema Salmonella/microsoma. En el ensayo in vivo no se observó respuesta genotóxica en las dosis estudiadas

Estudio toxicogenético de un polisacárido del gel de Aloe vera L / Toxicogenetic study of a polyssacharide from Aloe vera L. gel

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al evaluar el potencial toxicogenético de un liofilizado de polisacárido previamente dializado obtenido a partir de gel de Aloe vera L. en 2 sistemas de ensayos a corto plazo, empleando un modelo in vitro: el sistema Salmonella/microsoma (Ames) y otro in vivo: el ensayo de inducción de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratón. En el ensayo de Ames se testaron las cepas TA 100, TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537, de Salmonella typhimurium con y sin activación metabólica (S9) en el rango de concentraciones de 50, 150, 500 y 1500 µg/placa. En el ensayo de inducción de micronúcleos se ensayaron dosis de 500, 1 000 y 2 000 mg/kg de peso corporal (pc). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el polisacárido de gel de Aloe no fue mutagénico en el sistema Salmonella/microsoma. En el ensayo in vivo no se observó respuesta genotóxica en las dosis estudiadas