RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mesotherapy is an increasingly used technique which is currently causing several mycobacterial infections owing to contaminated substances being injected, and also to poor aseptic measures being held by nonprofessional practitioners. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected 15 cases of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection after mesotherapy in a 6-month period. RESULTS: All patients were female with ages ranging from 19 to 52 years; the main substances injected were procaine and lecithin, and the time between mesotherapy and the appearance of the lesions varied between 1 and 12 weeks. Clinical lesions were mostly nodules and abscesses, which were localized in the abdomen and buttocks in the majority of cases. The main patient complaint was local pain but some presented with systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise. Biopsies reported granulomatous chronic inflammation in the majority of cases. Skin cultures were positive for NTM and Mycobacterium chelonae. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Mesotherapy not performed with quality controlled substances can be a predisposing factor for NTM infection.