RESUMO
PURPOSE: To try to prove in patients with refractory symptomatic epilepsy due to early brain injury involving thalamus and complicated by CSWS the effects of the isolation of the injured hemisphere, performed with functional hemisperectomy, on epilepsy, namely on CSWS. METHODS: Full clinical follow-up before and after surgery of two cases with CSWS onset at four years in whom functional hemispherecomy was performed with resection of inter-hemispheric connections. RESULTS: An immediate effectiveness of the surgical treatment was observed on both epileptic evolution (no more seizures) and EEG abnormalities. In particular, CSWS completely disappeared, together with a concurrent progressive improving of the cognitive and behavioural disorders. DISCUSSION: The isolation of the injured hemisphere through the section of inter-hemispheric cortico-cortical connections could prevent the contralateral diffusion of discharges coming from the injured cortex and cortico-thalamic network, favouring a normal function of thalamo-cortico-thalamic circuitries in the healthy hemisphere. That could explain the disappearance of CSWS after surgery in our patients and the consequent improvement of cognitive abilities and behaviour.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Epilepsias Parciais/cirurgia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/cirurgia , Tálamo/lesões , Idade de Início , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas/cirurgia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Córtex Cerebral/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/cirurgia , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsias Parciais/complicações , Epilepsias Parciais/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hemisferectomia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Tálamo/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The inter-ministerial decree (D.I.) 388/03 (the Italian law on first aid in the workplace) attaches particular importance to the organization of first aid and to the content of the teaching and training of designated workers, specifying teaching objectives, programme and duration of courses. However it provides less details on the requirements and qualifications of the teachers and trainers. OBJECTIVES: To discuss this topic in the light of the guidelines contained in the literature and the existing legislation. METHODS: We used the specific references of literature and legislation concerning first aid training of designated workers. RESULTS: The objectives and the content of the training courses call for a high level of professional competence and approach. Therefore, training of designated workers should be planned and carried out in accordance with the training standards used for the teaching and training of the so-called "lay rescuers". CONCLUSIONS: The need to achieve high training standards for workers responsible for first aid at the workplace is to a large extent justified by the difficulty of the role of employees. This need follows the current tendency in regulations to guarantee adequate and up-dated training also for other agents operating within the system of workplace prevention. In this context the occupational physician plays a significant role in the training programmes for designated workers.
Assuntos
Medicina de Emergência/educação , Primeiros Socorros , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina do Trabalho/legislação & jurisprudência , Ensino/normas , Acidentes de Trabalho , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Medicina de Emergência/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina de Emergência/organização & administração , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Itália , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/organização & administração , Papel do Médico , Sociedades Médicas , Ensino/legislação & jurisprudência , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
Female mice heteroimmunized with heat-solubilized porcine zonae produced a significant antibody response to this immunogen as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) but their fertility was unaffected and normal litters were delivered. Monitoring for anti-zonae pellucidae activity in the sera of offspring from such immunized mothers by RIA indicated that the zonae antibodies were transferred from mother to young via the placenta and milk. Such transferred antibodies cross-reacted with and bound to the zonae of female offspring as demonstrated by immunofluorescent techniques. These data are significant to the future consideration of use of specific zona antigens for development of a contraceptive vaccine.