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1.
Heliyon ; 10(6): e27991, 2024 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38524609

RESUMO

This in vitro batch culture study investigated the effects of red osier dogwood (ROD) extract supplementation on gas production (GP), dry matter disappearance (DMD), and fermentation characteristics in high forage (HF) and high grain (HG) diets with varying media pH level. The experiment was a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with 2 media pH (5.8 and 6.5) × 4 dose rates of ROD extract (0, 1, 3, and 5% of DM substrate). An additional treatment of monensin was added as a positive control for each pH level. The HF substrate consisted of 400 and 600 g/kg DM barley-based concentrate and barley silage, respectively, while the HG substrate contained 100 and 900 g/kg DM barley silage and barley-based concentrate, respectively. Treatments were incubated for 24 h with GP, DMD and fermentation parameters determined. No interaction was detected between the media pH level and ROD extract dose rate on GP, DMD and most of the fermentation parameters. The GP, DMD, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were greater (P = 0.01) with media pH of 6.5 in both HF and HG diets. The GP were not affected by increasing ROD dose rate, except that GP linearly decreased in the HF (P = 0.04) and HG (P = 0.01) diets at 24 h; the DMD tended to linearly decrease at pH 6.5 (P = 0.06) for both HF and HG diets and at pH 5.8 (P = 0.02) for the HG diet. Adding ROD extract to the HF and HG diets linearly (P = 0.01) increased the acetate molar proportion at high or low media pH and consequently, the acetate to propionate (A:P) ratio linearly (P ≤ 0.04) increased. Supplementation of ROD extract to the HF diet linearly (P = 0.04) decreased the molar proportion of propionate at pH 6.5 (interaction between pH and ROD extract; P = 0.05), but had no effect on propionate proportion when added to the HG diet. Moreover, the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids linearly (P = 0.03) decreased with ROD extract supplementation at low pH (interaction, P < 0.05) for HF diet and linearly decreased (P = 0.05) at pH 6.5 for HG diet (interaction, P < 0.05). The NH3-N concentration was not affected by ROD supplementation in the HF diet but it linearly (P = 0.01) decreased with increasing dose rate in the HG diet. Methane concentration tended to linearly (P = 0.06) increase with ROD extract supplementation at high pH for HF diet and linearly increased at pH 5.8 (P = 0.06) and pH 6.5 (P = 0.02) for HG diet. These results indicate that the decreased DMD and increased A:P ratio observed with addition of ROD extract may be beneficial to HG-fed cattle to reduce the risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fiber digestion.

2.
J Biomol Struct Dyn ; 40(1): 565-571, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32835626

RESUMO

Garlic, as well as several natural food ingredients such as basil, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, clove, pepper etc., has long been traditionally used as routine anti-viral and anti-bacterial remedy. Allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) is reportedly a persistent main active metabolite component of allicin after garlic ingestion accounting for at least 90% of the allicin consumed. Several studies have reported the presence of AMS in organs such as lung, kidney etc. and body fluids such as mucous, and blood-plasma. Glycoproteins of enveloped viruses are actively involved in viral pathogenesis. N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) and N-Acetylglucosamine, are some of the vital amino acids involved in several viral infections using glycoproteins via glycosylation. Simulations studies based on First-principles density functional theory show that these amino acids attach with AMS, and the reactions are thermodynamically spontaneous (ΔG and ΔS negative are at 310.15 K as well as lower and higher temperatures). Further, phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (a component of some viral envelops) also attaches readily with AMS and the reaction is spontaneous. AMS molecules attachment with viral phospholipids and amino-acids involved in viral infection would denature the virus and prevent its attachment to the host cell.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.


Assuntos
Alho , Viroses , Compostos Alílicos , Aminoácidos , Dissulfetos , Humanos , Fosfolipídeos , Sulfetos , Viroses/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Physiol Behav ; 206: 200-205, 2019 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30991058

RESUMO

There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is a causal factor in different neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. High-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to induce oxidative stress and neuronal damage that may increase susceptibility to seizures. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, HFD, and chemically induced seizures, using the PTZ seizure model in rats. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups: control, HFD, vitamin E (Vit E), and high-fat diet with vitamin E (HFD + Vit E) group. Vitamin E and/or HFD were administered to animals for 6 weeks. Thereafter, PTZ seizure threshold was measured in control and treated rats, and different brain regions were analyzed for levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Current results revealed a significant reduction in PTZ seizure threshold in rats consuming HFD, which could be prevented by vitamin E supplement. Alongside, vitamin E supplement prevented HFD induced changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and capacity enzymes. Therefore, current results suggest that prolonged consumption of HFD increases susceptibility to PTZ induced seizures, which may be related to HFD induced oxidative stress. This increase in the PTZ susceptibility could be prevented by the administration of vitamin E, probably through its antioxidant effect, particularly at the brain hippocampal region.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Convulsões/dietoterapia , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Pentilenotetrazol , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Convulsões/metabolismo
4.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 224: 504-511, 2018 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29936054

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Because of the recent increase in type 2 diabetes and the need for complementary treatments in remote communities in many parts of the world, we undertook a study of treatments for diabetic symptoms used by traditional Q'eqchi' Maya healers of Belize. We used quantitative ethnobotany to rank culturally important taxa and subsequent pharmacological and phytochemical studies to assess bioactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antidiabetic plants identified in field interviews with traditional healers were ranked by syndromic importance value (SIV) based on 15 symptoms of diabetes. Species ranked with high SIV were tested in an assay relevant to many diabetes complications, the advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) inhibition assay. Active principles were identified by phytochemical analysis and bioassay. RESULTS: We collected over 70 plant species having a promising SIV score. The plants represented a broad range of neotropical taxa. Selected Q'eqchi' antidiabetic plants with high SIV were collected in bulk and tested in the advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) inhibition assay. All plant extracts showed AGE inhibition and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 40.8 to 733 µg/mL, while the most active species was Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn (Bignoniaceae). A linear regression showed a significant relationship between 1/ IC50 and SIV. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of verbascoside, as a major component and active principle of the T guatemalensis which had an IC50 = 5.1 µg/mL, comparable to the positive control quercetin. CONCLUSION: The results reveal a rich botanical tradition of antidiabetic symptom treatments among the Q'eqchi'. Study of highly ranked plants revealed their activity in AGE inhibition correlated with SIV. T. guatemalensis was identified as a promising species for further evaluation and local use.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes , Fitoterapia , Preparações de Plantas , Belize , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Medicina Tradicional , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais
5.
Animal ; 12(5): 959-963, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28735577

RESUMO

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with an increasing concentration of high-purity glycerol (>99%) on growth performance, economical efficiency, blood constituents and nutrient digestibility of growing lambs. In experiment one, 24 male lambs (initial BW=33.6±6.0 kg; age=6.75±0.75 months) were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental treatments containing 0%, 5% or 10% glycerol to replace corn in concentrate. In experiment two, nine lambs (initial BW=44.7±2.2 kg, age=8.84±0.32 months) were used in a digestion trial with three treatments (three lambs per treatment) with glycerol replacing corn at 0%, 5% or 10% in the concentrate. Total dry matter (DM) intake decreased quadratically (P=0.003) with increasing concentration of glycerol in the diet. Lambs fed glycerol diets had greater average daily gain (P=0.005) and better feed efficiency (P=0.002) compared with the control. Feed costs were also reduced with glycerol inclusion. Glycerol supplementation did not affect serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipid, cholesterol and glucose concentrations. Glycerol supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on organic matter and CP digestion, but improved DM (P=0.0003), crude fiber (P=0.10), ether extract (P=0.0002) and nitrogen-free extract (P=0.05) digestion. In conclusion, glycerol can replace corn up to 10% of DM in the diets of growing lambs.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Ovinos/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Peso Corporal , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão , Masculino , Zea mays
6.
Animal ; 12(4): 757-763, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28724470

RESUMO

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of glycerol in the diet on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility and some blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes in early lactation. A total of 24 buffaloes were blocked by average milk yield, parity and BW and then randomly assigned to three treatments: control without glycerol (CON); low glycerol (LG): control plus glycerol at 150 ml/day per buffalo; and high glycerol (HG): control plus glycerol at 300 ml/day per buffalo. The experimental period lasted for 60 days. Feeding LG and HG decreased (P<0.0001) dry matter intake compared with the CON. Buffaloes supplemented with LG and HG produced more milk (P<0.01) and had a greater (P<0.0001) yield of fat-corrected milk (3.5%) than those buffaloes fed control treatment. Glycerol-supplemented buffaloes showed a positive energy status indicated by reduced concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ß-hydroxybutyrate. Feeding LG and HG tended to increase (P⩽0.10) concentrations of milk fat, and serum total protein and globulin and significantly decreased (P⩽0.05) milk urea nitrogen and somatic cells counts (SCCs) compared to the CON group. Inclusion of LG and HG had no effect on organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrate digestion, but improved dry matter (P=0.02), CP (P=0.09), ether extract (P=0.03), NDF (P=0.07) and ADF (P=0.03) digestion.


Assuntos
Búfalos/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glicerol/farmacologia , Leite/metabolismo , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Feminino , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Lactação/metabolismo , Paridade , Gravidez
7.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) ; 63(8): 109-114, 2017 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28886323

RESUMO

The present study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of n-hexane and aqueous-methanolic whole plant extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana. Aqueous-methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana extracts were assessed for the mutagenic potential with Salmonella tester strains TA-100 and TA-102 in the presence and absence of the rodent enzyme activation system and cytotoxic potential was assessed by MTT assay. Aqueous-methanolic extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. However n-hexane extract revealed the presence of tannins and terpenoids only. It was found that a concentration as low as 15mg/mL of both extracts was more mutagenic to the TA 102 tester strain than TA-100. Hexane whole plant extract of Altenanthera bettzickiana was more mutagenic than aqueous-methanolic extract considering revertant colonies of TA 100 strain. Aqueous-methanolic and n-hexane whole plant extracts of Altenanthera bettzickiana showed higher mutagenic potential in the presence of the enzyme activation system. Mutagenicity of aqueous-methanolic extract increased with an enzyme activation system in case of TA 100 whereas mutagenicity of n-hexane extract decreased in the presence of the enzyme activation system with TA 100 and TA 102 strains. Aqueous-methanolic and n-Hexane whole plant extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana showed an IC-50 of 493 and 456 µg/mL in BHK-21 cells respectively. It can be concluded that Altenanthera bettzickiana exhibited mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutation assay with and without enzyme activation systems. However, it showed limited cytotoxicity to BHK-21 cells.


Assuntos
Amaranthaceae/química , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , DNA Bacteriano/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetulus , Citotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Hexanos/química , Metanol/química , Mutagênicos/isolamento & purificação , Paquistão , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/genética , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Solventes/química , Taninos/química , Taninos/isolamento & purificação , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Água/química
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22468003

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to develop swellable modified release (MR) isoniazid tablets using different combinations of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC). Granules were prepared by moist granulation technique and then compressed into tablets. In vitro release studies for 12 hr were carried out in dissolution media of varying pH i.e. pH 1.2, 4.5, 7.0 and 7.5. Tablets of all formulations were found to be of good physical quality with respect to appearance (width and thickness), content uniformity, hardness, weight variation and friability. In vitro release data showed that increasing total polymer content resulted in more retarding effect. Formulation with 35% polymer content exhibited zero order release profile and it released 35% of the drug in first hr, later on, controlled drug release was observed upto the 12(th) hour. Formulations with PVAc to Na-CMC ratio 20:80 exhibited zero order release pattern at levels of studied concentrations, which suggested that this combination can be used to formulate zero order release tablets of water soluble drugs like isoniazid. Korsmeyer-Peppas modeling of drug release showed that non-Fickian transport is the primary mechanism of isoniazid release from PVAc and Na-CMC based tablets. The value of mean dissolution time decreased with the increase in the release rate of drug clearly showing the retarding behavior of the swellable polymers. The application of a mixture of PVAc to Na-CMC in a specific ratio may be feasible to formulate zero order release tablets of water soluble drugs like isoniazid.


Assuntos
Carboximetilcelulose Sódica/química , Composição de Medicamentos/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Isoniazida/química , Polímeros/química , Polivinil/química , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Química Farmacêutica , Preparações de Ação Retardada/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacocinética , Isoniazida/farmacocinética , Polímeros/farmacocinética , Solubilidade , Comprimidos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Z Naturforsch C J Biosci ; 56(11-12): 973-8, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11837686

RESUMO

Thirty-seven plant organs, traditionally used as drugs, collected in Pakistan, were extracted with 70% acetone and analyzed for their total phenolics concentration and antioxidant potential. Seven extracts showed more than 85% inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vitro as compared with blank. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 233.6 microg/l +/- 28.3) was the strongest antioxidant in our test system. The IC50 results indicate that the extracts of Nymphaea lotus L. flowers, Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Delile beans, Terminalia belerica Roxb. fruits, and Terminalia chebula Retz. (fruits, brown) were stronger antioxidants than alpha-tocopherol, while Terminalia chebula Retz. (fruit coat), Terminalia chebula Retz. (fruits, black) and Ricinus communis L. leaves were weaker antioxidant extracts than alpha-tocopherol and BHT. Total phenolics concentration, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, showed close correlation with the antioxidant activity. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis with diode array detection at 280 nm, of the seven extracts indicated the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonol aglycones and their glycosides as main phenolics compounds. This information, based on quick screening methods, enables us to proceed towards more detailed chemical and pharmacological understanding of these plant materials.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/química , Fenóis/análise , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/isolamento & purificação , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Paquistão , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Estruturas Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Especificidade da Espécie
10.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 27(12): 2538-44, 1999 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10352183

RESUMO

The N-terminus of human topoisomerase I participates in the binding of this enzyme to helicases and other proteins. Using the N-terminal 250 amino acids of human topoisomerase I and a yeast two-hybrid/ in vitro binding screen, a novel arginine-serine-rich peptide was identified as a human topoisomerase I-binding protein. The corresponding full-length protein, named topors, contains a consensus RING zinc finger domain and nuclear localization signals in addition to the arginine-serine-rich region. The RING finger domain of topors is homologous to a similar domain in a family of viral proteins that are involved in the regulation of viral transcription. When expressed in HeLa cells as a green fluorescent protein fusion, topors localizes in the nucleus in a punctate pattern and co-immunoprecipitates with topoisomerase I. These data suggest that topors is involved in trans-cription, possibly recruiting topoisomerase I to RNA polymerase II transcriptional complexes.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , DNA Complementar/análise , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Células HeLa , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Testes de Precipitina , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Células U937 , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases , Dedos de Zinco
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