Metabolomic profiling and biological investigation of Tabebuia Aurea (Silva Manso) leaves, family Bignoniaceae.

Both ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of Tabebuia aurea leaves exhibited noteworthy antioxidant and nephroprotective activities against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, as evidenced by the remarkable improvements of renal serum biomarkers and histopathological features. Additionally, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed a prominent in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei; consequently, the leaves were subjected to LC-HR-ESI-MS metabolomic profiling to discover the constituents that possibly underlie their bioactivities. Therefore, ten metabolites were characterized, mostly dominated by flavonoids. Interestingly, two identified constituents viz., 3,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (9) and 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid (10) are reported firstly herein from the genus Tabebuia. Furthermore, among the dereplicated constituents, rutin (5) and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (6) exhibited the highest docking scores as effective antitrypanosomal compounds.

Increment of Lysosomal Biogenesis by Combined Extracts of Gum Arabic, Parsley, and Corn Silk: A Reparative Mechanism in Mice Renal Cells.

Gum Arabic (GA), parsley, and corn silk have been traditionally used for renal failure patients worldwide. This study aimed at probing the mechanism of the combined extracts, namely, GA (3 g/kg/day), parsley (1 g/kg/day), and corn silk (200 mg/kg/day), as nephroprotective agents in mice after amikacin (1.2 g/kg) single dose through exploration of their action on G-protein coupled receptors (GPR) 41 and 43 and the ensuing lysosomal biogenesis. Western blotting was employed for renal levels of bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and cytosolic cathepsin D; cell death markers, nuclear transcription factor EB (TFEB), and lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1); and lysosomal biogenesis indicators. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and docking were also employed. After amikacin treatment, BAX and cathepsin D levels were upregulated while LAMP-1 and nuclear TFEB levels were inhibited. The combined extracts inhibited BAX and cytosolic cathepsin D but upregulated LAMP-1 and nuclear TFEB levels. Docking confirmed GPR modulatory signaling. The combined extracts showed GPR signal modulatory properties that triggered lysosome synthesis and contributed to reversing the adverse effects of amikacin on renal tissues.