The relationship of dietary inflammatory index and dietary patterns with premenstrual syndrome among women in Kermanshah: An analytical cross-sectional study.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common psychological condition that occurs continuously during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Potential factors in this syndrome comprise the central nervous system, hormones, genetic background, and nutritional indicators. Little is known about foods or eating patterns that may be associated with this syndrome, yet nutritional factors can be considered in strategies for the management of PMS. The current study purposed to investigate the relationship between PMS and dietary inflammation index as well as PMS and food patterns. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 women and girls aged 20-46 years who experienced symptoms of PMS. The inclusion criteria included cooperation and consent to enter the study, a body mass index of 18.5-25 kg/m2, no underlying disease, no use of contraceptives or antidepressants, and no use of multivitamin or mineral supplements. In the first stage of this study, participants' height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured. In the second stage, eating habits were examined using a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. This study found a significant correlation between glycemic load quintiles as well as between energy and macronutrient intake and the dietary inflammatory index; however, it revealed a direct correlation between PMS and both Western-mixed dietary and high-salt-high-sugar dietary patterns. Moreover, the Western food pattern was found to have a direct correlation with dietary inflammatory index, and the healthy food pattern had an inverse correlation with this index. This study showed that PMS symptoms are more severe with the consumption of high-salt-high-sugar or a Western-mixed food dietary pattern. It seems that an imbalance in hormones and neurotransmitters can affect the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Also, some foods, such as vegetables, and low-fat and high-fiber diets reduce plasma estrogen levels and the duration of PMS symptoms.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of ginger for the treatment of fatty liver disease.

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease is closely related to obesity and insulin resistance. Ginger has hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects and acts as an insulin sensitizer. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ginger supplementation on the fatty liver. A comprehensive search of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science/ISI, and Cochrane databases was conducted without time or language restrictions. Eighteen eligible studies were identified, including 17 in-vivo experiments in quantitative analysis and 3 clinical trials in qualitative analysis. The present study provides comprehensive evidence of the efficacy of ginger to improve the liver levels of cholesterol (-5.60 mg/g), triglycerides (TG, -4.28 mg/g), malondialdehyde (-3.16 nmol/mg), catalase (CAT) (3.35 nmol/mg), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 3.01 U/mg), serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, -2.85 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, -0.98 U/L), TG (-4.98 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, -3.94 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC, -3.45 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL, 1.27 mg/dL), and fasting blood sugar (FBS, -2.54 mg/dL). Ginger administration may reduce many clinical aspects of FLD by several mechanisms, including insulin-sensitive effects, stimulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), having antidyslipidemic activities, and reducing hepatic fat content. However, future clinical trials are essential to investigate the clinical application of ginger in this area.

The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) is a popular spice/herb with several biological functions owing to its antioxidant and insulin-like activities. Many clinical trials have indicated the potent anti-diabetic property of sumac but the results on few glycemic indices were inconclusive. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to investigate sumac supplementation effect on glycemic indices. METHODS: Systematically searched was performed by two independent reviewers using online databases including: PubMed, Scopus, web of science, EMBASE from inception until November 2020. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total of 6 potentially relevant clinical trials met the inclusion criteria with total of 278 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis suggested no significant effects on the levels of fasting blood glucose [-7.08 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -14.85 to 0.70,P = 0.07, I2 = 59.8 %], glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [-0.48 %, 95 % CI: -1.01 to -0.04, P = 0.07, I2 = 0.0 %], homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [-0.97, 95 % CI: -1.96 to 0.02, P = 0.05, I2 = 83.8 %], and insulin [-2.94 Hedges' g, 95 % CI: -6.67 to 0.80, P = 0.12, I2 = 83.1 %] following supplementation with sumac powder. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed no significant effects on any glycemic indices following supplementation with sumac powder.

Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on matrix metalloproteinases and DAS-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and clinical parameters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHOD: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 54 RA patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria (18-56 years, diagnosed at least 6 months ago, with DAS-28 > 3.2) were randomly assigned into two groups to receive 100 mg/day CoQ10 (n = 27) or placebo (n = 27) for 2 months. Serum MMP-1 and MMP-3 levels and clinical status using disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) were assessed before and after supplementation. Data were analyzed using χ2, independent sample t test, paired t test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: A significant reduction was observed in both CoQ10 and placebo groups in the medians of serum MMP-1 (0.2 to 0.16, P < 0.001), (0.18 to 0.15, P = 0.001); swollen joint count (2 to 0, P < 0.001), (2 to 0, P = 0.009); and the means of DAS-28 (5.01 ± 1.21 to 2.34 ± 0.68, P < 0.001), (4.88 ± 0.96 to 4.04 ± 1.36, P = 0.009) respectively. Serum MMP-3 level increased significantly in placebo group (2.26 to 2.57, P = 0.020), and the MMP-3 changes between groups were significant (P = 0.027). Furthermore, significant reductions were only observed in ESR, pain score, and tender joint count in CoQ10 group compared with baseline (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Significant differences were observed between two groups in DAS-28, pain score, and swollen and tender joint count after the intervention (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It seems that CoQ10 may provide a new complementary approach for RA patients.Key Points• CoQ10 supplementation in RA patients attenuated serum MMP-3 level.• CoQ10 supplementation in RA patients improved clinical outcomes and ameliorated disease severity.• CoQ10 may provide a new complementary approach for patients with RA.

Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity has become a public health problem and is a cause of some preventable illnesses. Among several methods for treating obesity, the use of food supplements is highly common. A commonly used food supplement is green coffee bean extract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of green coffee bean extract combined with an energy-restricted diet on the body composition and serum adipocytokines in obese women. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this randomised clinical trial, 64 obese women aged 20-45 years were selected and divided into two groups: an intervention group (receiving 400 mg green coffee bean extract for 8 weeks) and control group (receiving placebo). All participants were on an energy-restricted diet. The body composition, leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile, free fatty acids (FFAs), and fasting blood sugar were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: We observed significant reductions in the body weight, body mass and fat mass indices, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio in both groups; however, the decrease was higher in the intervention group. Moreover, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, leptin, and plasma free fatty acids significantly decreased in the intervention group (p<0.05) after adjustment for energy and fibre intake. The serum adiponectin concentration significantly increased in the intervention group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Green coffee bean extract combined with an energy-restricted diet affects fat accumulation and lipid metabolism and is thus an inexpensive method for weight control in obese people.