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1.
Microbiologyopen ; 8(6): e00764, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30515994

RESUMO

Dark homogenous fungal-based layers called biofinishes and vegetable oils are key ingredients of an innovative wood protecting system. The aim of this study was to determine which of the vegetable oils that have been used to generate biofinishes on wood will provide carbon and energy for the biofinish-inhabiting fungus Aureobasidium melanogenum, and to determine the effect of the oil type and the amount of oil on the cell yield. Aureobasidium melanogenum was cultivated in shake flasks with different types and amounts of carbon-based nutrients. Oil-related total cell and colony-forming unit growth were demonstrated in suspensions with initially 1% raw linseed, stand linseed, and olive oil. Oil-related cell growth was also demonstrated with raw linseed oil, using an initial amount of 0.02% and an oil addition during cultivation. Nile red staining showed the accumulation of fatty acids inside cells grown in the presence of oil. In conclusion, each tested vegetable oil was used as carbon and energy source by A. melanogenum. The results indicated that stand linseed oil provides less carbon and energy than olive and raw linseed oil. This research is a fundamental step in unraveling the effects of vegetable oils on biofinish formation.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Cultura Celular por Lotes , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo
2.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek ; 111(10): 1883-1912, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29654567

RESUMO

Penicillium and Talaromyces species have a worldwide distribution and are isolated from various materials and hosts, including insects and their substrates. The aim of this study was to characterize the Penicillium and Talaromyces species obtained during a survey of honey, pollen and the inside of nests of Melipona scutellaris. A total of 100 isolates were obtained during the survey and 82% of those strains belonged to Penicillium and 18% to Talaromyces. Identification of these isolates was performed based on phenotypic characters and ß-tubulin and ITS sequencing. Twenty-one species were identified in Penicillium and six in Talaromyces, including seven new species. These new species were studied in detail using a polyphasic approach combining phenotypic, molecular and extrolite data. The four new Penicillium species belong to sections Sclerotiora (Penicillium fernandesiae sp. nov., Penicillium mellis sp. nov., Penicillium meliponae sp. nov.) and Gracilenta (Penicillium apimei sp. nov.) and the three new Talaromyces species to sections Helici (Talaromyces pigmentosus sp. nov.), Talaromyces (Talaromyces mycothecae sp. nov.) and Trachyspermi (Talaromyces brasiliensis sp. nov.). The invalidly described species Penicillium echinulonalgiovense sp. nov. was also isolated during the survey and this species is validated here.


Assuntos
Abelhas/microbiologia , Mel/microbiologia , Penicillium/classificação , Pólen/microbiologia , Talaromyces/classificação , Animais , Microbiologia Ambiental , Genes Fúngicos , Tipagem Molecular , Penicillium/genética , Penicillium/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Talaromyces/genética , Talaromyces/isolamento & purificação
3.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 339(2): 77-92, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23173673

RESUMO

Penicillium buchwaldii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 117181(T)  = IBT 6005(T)  = IMI 30428(T) ) and Penicillium spathulatum sp. nov. (CBS 117192(T)  = IBT 22220(T) ) are described as new species based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Isolates of P. buchwaldii typically have terverticillate conidiophores with echinulate thick-walled conidia and produce the extrolites asperphenamate, citreoisocoumarin, communesin A and B, asperentin and 5'-hydroxy-asperentin. Penicillium spathulatum is unique in having restricted colonies on Czapek yeast agar (CYA) with an olive grey reverse, good growth on CYA supplemented with 5% NaCl, terverticillate bi- and ter-ramulate conidiophores and consistently produces the extrolites benzomalvin A and D and asperphenamate. The two new species belong to Penicillium section Brevicompacta and are phylogenetically closely related to Penicillium tularense. With exception of Penicillium fennelliae, asperphenamate is also produced by all other species in section Brevicompacta (P. tularense, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium bialowiezense, Penicillium olsonii, Penicillium astrolabium and Penicillium neocrassum). Both new species have a worldwide distribution. The new species were mainly isolated from indoor environments and food and feedstuffs. The fact that asperphenamate has been found in many widely different plants may indicate that endophytic fungi rather than the plants are the actual producers.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Penicillium/classificação , Penicillium/metabolismo , Fenilalanina/análogos & derivados , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Análise por Conglomerados , Meios de Cultura/química , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Microbiologia Ambiental , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Genes de RNAr , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Micologia/métodos , Penicillium/genética , Penicillium/isolamento & purificação , Fenilalanina/isolamento & purificação , Fenilalanina/metabolismo , Filogenia , RNA Fúngico/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
4.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol ; 58(Pt 7): 1727-34, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18599725

RESUMO

Two novel species of Aspergillus section Nigri from Thai coffee beans are described as Aspergillus aculeatinus sp. nov. and Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius sp. nov. Their taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach with phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (beta-tubulin, internal transcribed spacer and calmodulin gene sequences) characteristics. A. aculeatinus sp. nov. is a uniseriate species with a similar morphology to Aspergillus aculeatus and Aspergillus japonicus, but producing smaller conidia (2-5 microm). A. aculeatinus sp. nov. produced neoxaline, secalonic acid D and F, and aculeacins. A. sclerotiicarbonarius sp. nov. is a biseriate species similar to Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ibericus, but produces abundant sclerotia and some unique indol-alkaloids. The type strain of Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius sp. nov. is CBS 121057(T) (=IBT 28362(T)) and the type strain of Aspergillus aculeatinus sp. nov. is CBS 121060(T) (=IBT 29077(T)).


Assuntos
Aspergillus/classificação , Café/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Aspergillus/citologia , Aspergillus/genética , Aspergillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Calmodulina/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sementes/microbiologia , Tailândia
5.
J Agric Food Chem ; 55(23): 9727-32, 2007 Nov 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17929891

RESUMO

The carcinogenic mycotoxin fumonisin B2 was detected for the first time in the industrially important Aspergillus niger. Fumonisin B2, known from Fusarium verticillioides and other Fusaria, was detected in cultures of three full genome sequenced strains of A. niger, in the ex type culture and in a culture of F. verticillioides by electrospray LC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from agar plugs of cultures grown on several substrates. Whereas F. verticillioides produced fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 on agar media based on plant extracts, such as barley malt, oat, rice, potatoes, and carrots, A. niger produced fumonisin B2 best on agar media with a low water activity, including Czapek yeast autolysate agar with 5% NaCl. Of the media tested, only rice corn steep agar supported fumonisin production by both F. verticillioides and A. niger. However, A. niger had a different regulation of fumonisin production and a different quantitative profile of fumonisins, producing only B2 as compared to F. verticillioides. Fumonisin production by A. niger, which is a widely occurring species and an extremely important industrial organism, will have very important implications for biotechnology and especially food safety. A. niger is used for the production of citric acid and as producer of extracellular enzymes, and also as a transformation host for the expression of heterologous proteins. Certain strains of A. niger produce both ochratoxin A and fumonisins, so some foods and feeds may potentially contain two types of carcinogenic mycotoxins from this species.


Assuntos
Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Fumonisinas/metabolismo , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fusarium/metabolismo
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