A introdução do Karate-Do Shotokan no Rio Grande do Sul_ memórias do sensei Watanabe / The introduction of Karate-Do Shotokan in Rio Grande do Sul: memories of sensei Watanabe

Este estudo objetivou investigar como ocorreu a introdução do Karate-Do Shotokan no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da reconstrução das memórias do sensei Luiz Tasuke Watanabe. Tendo como perspectiva teórico-metodológica a História Oral recuperou-se as memórias deste sensei, que foi um dos precursores do estilo Shotokan de Karate-Do no estado. Para tanto, foi gravada e transcrita uma entrevista com o sensei Watanabe. Além desta fonte oral, também foram analisadas fontes documentais, bem como, realizada a revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. As análises empreendidas nas fontes acessadas revelaram que Watanabe, ainda criança, emigrou do Japão para o Brasil com sua família e teve sua iniciação no Karate-Do por intermédio de seu irmão, que havia sido praticante no Japão. A prática do Karate-Do intensificou-se quando prestou o serviço militar ao ser aluno do sensei Yasutaka Tanaka, que ministrava aulas no exército. Posteriormente, em 1970, a convite do sensei Teruo Obata, Watanabe foi designado para dar aulas em Porto Alegre, onde atuou em diversas localidades, colaborando mais tarde para a criação do Departamento de Karate da Federação de Pugilismo do Rio Grande do Sul. Watanabe, na época, atuava como professor, mas também participou de competições. No ano de 1972, conquistou o primeiro lugar no Campeonato Mundial de Karate e alcançou destaque a nível nacional, contribuindo para a divulgação desta prática. Após uma década na cidade, em 1981, Watanabe partiu de Porto Alegre por designação do exército, retornando a cidade somente 30 anos depois para ministrar um curso...(AU)

This study aimed to investigate how occurred the introduction of Karate-Do Shotokan in Rio Grande do Sul state, through the reconstruction of memories of Luiz Tasuke Watanabe sensei. Having as theoretical and methodological perspective of the Oral History recovered the memories of this sensei, one of Shotokan karate style precursors in the state. For that was was recorded and transcribed an interview with Watanabe sensei. In addition to this oral source were analyzed documentary sources and was performed a bibliographic review about the subject. The analyzes undertaken in the accessed sources revealed that Watanabe, as a child, along with his family migrated from Japan to Brazil and had its initiation in karate, through his brother, who had been practicing in Japan. The practice of Karate-Do was intensified when paid military service and was a student of sensei Yasutaka Tanaka, who ministered classes in the army. After, in 1970 at the invitation of sensei Teruo Obata, Watanabe was appointed to teach in Porto Alegre, where he served in several places and also colaborated to creation of Karate Department of Pugilism Federation of Rio Grande Sul. Watanabe worked as a teacher and participated in competitions, and in 1972 won first place at the World Karate Championships. So, gained prominence in national level and contributes to the dissemination of Karate. After a decade in the city in 1981, Watanabe left Porto Alegre, by appointment of the army, returning the city only 30 years later to minister a course...(AU)

Conversion of chemical scrubbers to biotrickling filters for VOCs and H2S treatment at low contact times.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of converting three chemical scrubbers in series to biotrickling filters (BTFs) for the simultaneous removal of H2S and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The conversion of the full-scale scrubbers was based on previous conversion protocols. Conversion mainly required replacing the original carrier material and recycle pumps as well as modifying the controls and operation of the reactors. Complete removal of H2S and VOCs on a routine basis was reached at neutral pH in a longer period of time compared to previous conversions reported. Biotrickling filters operated at a gas contact time of about 1.4 s per reactor and at pH controlled between 6.5 and 6.8. Inlet average concentrations below 10 ppmv of H2S and below 5 ppmv for VOCs were often completely removed. The first and second bioreactors played a primary role in H2S removal. Year-round operation of the biotrickling filters proved the ability of the system to handle progressive load increases of H2S and VOCs. However, fast, sudden load changes often lead to reduced removal efficiencies. Odor analyses showed average removal efficiencies above 80%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of selected samples showed that outlet odor concentration was due to limited removal of VOCs. The conversion showed was economically viable taking into account the theoretical consumption of chemicals needed for the absorption and oxidation of both H2S and VOCs.