RESUMO
Peripheral nerve injuries impair the patient's functional capacity, including those occurring in the facial nerve, which require effective medical treatment. Thus, we investigated the use of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) in the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve (BBFN) associated with photobiomodulation (PBM), using a low-level laser (LLLT), analyzing the effects on axons, muscles facials, and functional recovery. This experimental study used twenty-one rats randomly divided into three groups of seven animals, using the BBFN bilaterally (the left nerve was used for LLLT): Control group-normal and laser (CGn and CGl); Denervated group-normal and laser (DGn and DGl); Experimental Repair Group-normal and laser (ERGn and ERGl). The photobiomodulation protocol began in the immediate postoperative period and continued for 5 weeks with a weekly application. After 6 weeks of the experiment, the BBFN and the perioral muscles were collected. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in nerve fiber diameter (7.10 ± 0.25 µm and 8.00 ± 0.36 µm, respectively) and axon diameter (3.31 ± 0.19 µm and 4.07 ± 0.27 µm, respectively) between ERGn and ERGl. In the area of muscle fibers, ERGl was similar to GC. In the functional analysis, the ERGn and the ERGI (4.38 ± 0.10) and the ERGI (4.56 ± 0.11) showed parameters of normality. We show that HFB and PBM had positive effects on the morphological and functional stimulation of the buccal branch of the facial nerve, being an alternative and favorable for the regeneration of severe injuries.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to verify the immediate effect of sensory and motor neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), in the oral and pharyngeal phases of deglutition, in a 64 year male patient after laryngeal cancer treatment. Videofluoroscopy was performed during deglutition of 5 ml of honey and pudding, under three conditions: without stimulation, with sensory NMES, with motor NMES, randomly defined. The degree of dysfunction of deglutition (DOSS), the presence of food stasis (Eisenhuber scale), laryngeal penetration and laryngotracheal aspiration (PAS) and oral and pharyngeal transit time were evaluated. An evaluator without knowing about the applied stimulus. On the DOSS scale there was improvement with sensory and motor stimulation. In the PAS scale, there was improvement, both for the sensorial and motor stimulus in the honey consistency, but the worsening of the motor stimulus for the pudding consistency was observed. There was reduction of the residues in the base of the tongue with sensorial and motor stimulus for the consistency of pudding and honey; worsening motor stimulus in the posterior wall of the pharynx for honey consistency. There was no difference between stimulation levels regarding to oral and pharyngeal transit time. The results showed that NMES at the sensory and motor levels improved the degree of dysphagia in an individual after the treatment of laryngeal cancer, with greater benefits of the sensory level in relation to the motor regarding to the presence of penetration and residues.
Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito imediato da Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM) sensorial e motora, nas fases oral e faríngea da deglutição, em um homem de 64 anos, após tratamento de câncer de laringe. Foi realizado exame de videofluoroscopia durante a deglutição de 5 ml de mel e pudim, em três condições: sem estimulação, com EENM sensorial, com EENM motora, definidas de forma randomizada. Foi classificado o grau da disfunção da deglutição (DOSS), a presença de estase de alimentos (escala de Eisenhuber), de penetração laríngea e aspiração laringotraqueal (PAS), além da medida do tempo de trânsito oral e faríngeo, realizadas por uma avaliadora sem conhecimento sobre o estímulo aplicado. Na escala DOSS, houve melhora com a estimulação sensorial e motora. Na escala PAS, verificou-se melhora, tanto para o estímulo sensorial quanto motor na consistência mel, porém observou-se piora no estímulo motor para a consistência pudim. Houve diminuição dos resíduos em base de língua com estímulo sensorial e motor para as consistências pudim e mel; piora no estímulo motor na parede posterior da faringe para a consistência mel. Em relação ao tempo de trânsito oral e faríngeo, não foi observada diferença entre os níveis de estimulações. Os resultados demonstraram que a EENM em nível sensorial e motor melhorou o grau da disfagia em um indivíduo após o tratamento de câncer de laringe, com maiores benefícios do nível sensorial em relação ao motor no que diz respeito à presença de penetração e resíduos.