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1.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 43(1): 352-372, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34498337

RESUMO

Schizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure. While analytic methods have enabled more detailed morphometric characterization, findings are often equivocal. In this meta-analysis, we employed the harmonized ENIGMA shape analysis protocols to collaboratively investigate subcortical brain structure shape differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. The study analyzed data from 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,929 healthy control participants contributed by 21 worldwide research groups participating in the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Harmonized shape analysis protocols were applied to each site's data independently for bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, accumbens, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus obtained from T1-weighted structural MRI scans. Mass univariate meta-analyses revealed more-concave-than-convex shape differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control participants, more-convex-than-concave shape differences in the putamen and pallidum, and both concave and convex shape differences in the caudate. Patterns of exaggerated asymmetry were observed across the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants, while diminished asymmetry encompassed ventral striatum and ventral and dorsal thalamus. Our analyses also revealed that higher chlorpromazine dose equivalents and increased positive symptom levels were associated with patterns of contiguous convex shape differences across multiple subcortical structures. Findings from our shape meta-analysis suggest that common neurobiological mechanisms may contribute to gray matter reduction across multiple subcortical regions, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of network disorganization in schizophrenia.


Assuntos
Tonsila do Cerebelo/patologia , Corpo Estriado/patologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Neuroimagem , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Tálamo/patologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem
2.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 18890, 2021 09 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34556714

RESUMO

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH, 'hearing voices') are an important symptom of schizophrenia but their biological basis is not well understood. One longstanding approach proposes that they are perceptual in nature, specifically that they reflect spontaneous abnormal neuronal activity in the auditory cortex, perhaps with additional 'top down' cognitive influences. Functional imaging studies employing the symptom capture technique-where activity when patients experience AVH is compared to times when they do not-have had mixed findings as to whether the auditory cortex is activated. Here, using a novel variant of the symptom capture technique, we show that the experience of AVH does not induce auditory cortex activation, even while real speech does, something that effectively rules out all theories that propose a perceptual component to AVH. Instead, we find that the experience of AVH activates language regions and/or regions that are engaged during verbal short-term memory.


Assuntos
Alucinações/fisiopatologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Percepção da Fala/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Adulto , Córtex Auditivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Auditivo/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Feminino , Alucinações/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto Jovem
3.
Schizophr Bull ; 42(1): 229-38, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26187283

RESUMO

Patients with schizophrenia are known to have increased prevalence of abnormalities in midline brain structures, such as a failure of the septum pellucidum to fuse (cavum septum pellucidum) and the absence of the adhesio interthalamica. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of these abnormalities across a large multidiagnostic sample. Presence of cavum septum pellucidum and absence of the adhesio interthalamica was assessed in 639 patients with chronic schizophrenia, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or a first episode of psychosis, mania or unipolar depression. This was compared with 223 healthy controls using logistic-regression-derived odds ratios (OR). Patients with psychotic or mood disorders showed an increased prevalence of both abnormalities (OR of cavum septum pellucidum = 2.1, OR of absence of the adhesio interthalamica = 2.6, OR of both cavum septum pellucidum and absence of the adhesio interthalamica = 3.8, all P < .001). This increased prevalence was separately observed in nearly all disorders as well as after controlling for potential confounding factors. This study supports a general increased prevalence of midline brain abnormalities across mood and psychotic disorders. This nonspecificity may suggest that these disorders share a common neurodevelopmental etiology.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/patologia , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/patologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/patologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Septo Pelúcido/anormalidades , Tálamo/anormalidades , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/patologia , Adulto Jovem
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