[Effect of piperacillin/tazobactam on the anti-infection resistance in patients with infections in the peritoneal cavity]. / Vliianie piperatsillin/tazobaktama na sistemu antiinfektsionnoi rezistentnosti bol'nykh s infektsiei v briushnoi polosti.

The effect of the monotherapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) or tazocin on microflora of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx of 33 patients and the contents of the large intestine of 21 patients as well as on the immunological aspects (cellular and humoral factors) of the antiinfectious resistance systems (AIRS) in patients with abdominal cavity infection (ACI) was studied. Before the treatment serious impairment of the AIRS in all the patients was observed. The P/T monotherapy in a daily dose of 12/1.5 g at the average for 10 days had no unfavourable effect on the indices characterizing the phagocytic function of the neutrophils in the incompleted and completed variants, on the immunocompetent cells, hemolytic complement and the levels of IgM, IgG and IgA. No significant effect of the treatment on the mucosal microflora on the whole was detected. However, Neisseria spp. and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum were eradicated in the pharynx while the number of the Klebsiella pneumoniae [symbol: see text] Escherichia coli isolates from the pharynx mucosa increased. The number of the bifidobacteria in the contents of the large intestine significantly lowered while the number of the hemolyzing forms of enterococci and stapylococci increased. The investigation of the AIRS immunological aspects in the patient groups of different total (clinicomorphological) efficacy showed that the neutrophil phagocytic function was the efficacy predictor and P/T in its turn had an immunomodulating effect on the neutrophil phagocytic activity in the patients with ACI.

[A method of sequential (intravenous and oral) use of ofloxacin in the treatment of patients with infections of organs of the peritoneal cavity]. / Metod posledovatel'nogo (vnutrivenno i vnutr') primeneniia ofloksatsina pri lechenii bol'nykh s infektsiiami organov briushnoi polosti.

Clinico-laboratory estimation of the efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin used in succession, at first intravenously and then orally, in the treatment of 15 patients with infection of the abdominal cavity was performed. It was shown that after the use for a period of 10 years ofloxacin preserved its high antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with multiple drug resistance and remained superior to the majority of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents by the number of susceptible isolates. The successive use of ofloxacin proved to be highly efficient. The total efficacy of the drug amounted to 80 percent and no side effects were recorded. The analysis of the microbiological state of the antiinfectious resistance system (AIRS) showed that the dysbiotic lesions on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tracts and large intestine detected in all the patients before the treatment with ofloxacin remained after the treatment. However, a change in the microflora responsible for dysbacteriosis was observed. The investigation of the immunological status of the AIRS suggested that the good and satisfactory results of the therapy with ofloxacin could to a significant extent be due to the proportion of the active neutrophils.

[Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis]. / Tsiprofloksatsin pri lechenii khronicheskogo bakterial'nogo prostatita.

17 exacerbation and 13 latent CBP cases received ciprofloxacin in a dose 500 mg twice a day orally for 6-34 days. At pretreatment microbiological investigation of the prostatic juice 49 cultures of 7 microorganism species were isolated (12 cases of monoculture, 18 cases of 2-component associations). S. epidermidis and E. faecalis occurred more frequently (in 29.4 and 25%, respectively). Ciprofloxacin was highly active against all the isolated agents and by the number of sensitive to it strains proved superior to control antimicrobial drugs. Good and satisfactory treatment outcomes were achieved in 76.8% of patients. Side effects recorded in 8 patients (26.6%) caused the drug undue discontinuation in 1 patient only.

[Use of ofloxacin in the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract]. / Ispol'zovanie ofloksatsina v lechenii infektsii nizhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

The taxonomy of the causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) isolated from patients in the Moscow Region was studied and the clinico-microbiological efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin used in their treatment were estimated. The microbiological tests of the sputum specimens from 168 patients with LRTIs most frequently detected gram positive cocci with the predominance of Streptococcus spp. (65.2 per cent) and in particular the Str. viridans group (57.7 per cent). Neisseria spp. and B. catarrhalis (18.1 per cent) were more frequent among the gram negative isolates. Gram negative bacilli were isolated in 14.3 per cent of the cases with the predominance of Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp. In 80.8 per cent of the cases the microorganisms were isolated in the form of 2-3-component associations. By the in vitro antimicrobial activity against 167 clinical isolates ofloxacin was superior to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and cotrimoxasol. Good and satisfactory clinical effects in the treatment of 29 patients with LRTIs were observed in 17 cases (70.8 per cent). Adverse reactions were stated in 3 patients (11.5 per cent). Superinfection due to ofloxacin resistant enterococci, S. pyogenes, Neisseria spp. and yeast-like fungi developed in some patients treated with ofloxacin.

[Maxaquin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated and recurrent urinary infections in adults]. / Maksakvin i tsiprofloksatsin v lechenii oslozhnennykh i retsidiviruiushchikh infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei u vzroslykh.

Clinical efficacy of maxaquin versus ciprofloxacin against complicated or/and recurrent urinary infections (62 patients primarily with chronic pyelonephritis with nephrolithiasis) proved higher (92.3% vs 80.0%) in equal microbiological activity (73.2% vs. 73.4%) of the drugs. Maxaquin was less active in enhancing the culture resistance. Both quinolones had no negative effects on the studied systems of the body's antiinfectious resistance and promoted partial correction of dysbiotic manifestations on the colon mucosa. Side effects of both drugs occurred with similar frequency and severity, starting earlier in administration of maxaquin. The authors offer to manage urinary infections in adults effectively with maxaquin in a dose 400 mg once a day and ciprofloxacin in a dose 500 mg twice a day by 7-14-day courses.

[Thienam (imipenem/cilastatin) as an agent for empirical antibiotic therapy]. / Tienam (imipenem/tsilastatin) kak sredstvo émpiricheskoi antibiotikoterapii.

The clinicobacteriological efficacy and tolerance of thienam (imipenem/cylastatin) were studied in the empirical therapy of 38 patients with severe purulent inflammatory diseases of various localization i.e. pneumonia, lung abscesses, pyothorax, peritonitis, abdominal abscesses, meningitis and brain abscesses. The treatment of all the patients with the drug was started before the data on the bacteriological investigation were available. Although the infections and the general state of the patients were extremely severe, the therapy with thienam proved to be efficient in 31 out of 35 cases (88.6 per cent) subjected to the drug efficacy estimation. The bacteriological diagnoses with respect to 24 out of 38 patients (64.7 per cent) were available later: 93.6 per cent of the isolates was sensitive to imipenem. The antimicrobial activity of imipenem against 254 clinical isolates assayed by the method of serial dilutions exceeded that of the majority of the currently used antimicrobial drugs, including aminoglycosides, 3rd generation cephalosporins and ureldopenicillins. The tolerance of thienam was good. Only in 4 out of 38 patients it was necessary to use some other drugs because of the side effects. Therefore, the use of the thienam is advisable as a drug of empirical monotherapy in patients with severe infections of the respiratory organs, abdominal cavity and central nervous system.

[A clinico-laboratory assessment of the efficacy of an Augmentin suspension in treating children with suppurative-inflammatory diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka éffektivnosti Augmentin-suspenzii pri lechenii detei s gnoino-vospalitel'nymi zabolevaniiami, vyzvannymi uslovno-patogennymi bakteriiami.

Augmentin suspension (amoxycillin+clavulanic acid) was estimated in clinico-laboratory studies with respect to children suffering from pyoinflammatory diseases of various localization and its high efficacy was shown. Good and satisfactory results were recorded in 96.3 per cent of the cases in the treatment (monotherapy) and afterwards in the patients, adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting being recorded only in 1 patient. The therapy with augmentin led to normalization of the microflora of the upper respiratory tract mucosa and a 1.5-fold increase in the neutrophil engulfment index.