RESUMO
AIM OF THE STUDY: Effects of the different fractions obtained by partition of ethanolic extract (EE) of Agelanthus dodoneifolius through column chromatography were investigated on rat blood pressure and aortic relaxation and compared to those observed in the presence of crude EE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The acute hypotensive activity of EE, fractions and dodoneine, administrated intravenously, was evaluated in anaesthetized rats using the invasive method of blood pressure recording. Bioassay-guided fractionation using rat aorta pre-contracted by norepinephrine to monitor the relaxant activity led to the isolation of dodoneine. RESULTS: In normotensive rats, injection of EE (0.01-10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure without any significant change in heart rate. In a similar way, the EE (0.001-3 mg/mL) caused relaxation of rat pre-contracted aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. Fractionation of the EE afforded 14 fractions, F1-F14, that were tested on rat precontracted aortic rings. At the concentration level of 1 mg/mL, a maximum relaxation effect was observed for fractions F2-F5. F4 was the most effective to elicit a concentration-dependent relaxation effect with an ED(50)=160±1.1 µg/mL (n=5) and to decreased systolic and diastolic control pressure by 56.9% and 81.6% respectively. F4 contains most of the dihydropyranone dodoneine, with 93% of the sample mass. Dodoneine separated from this fraction was also able to decrease both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure by 32.5% and 38.7% at 100 µg/kg, respectively. CONCLUSION: For the first time, this study demonstrates the hypotensive property of the dodoneine present in Agelanthus dodoneifolius.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Loranthaceae/química , Pironas/farmacologia , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/isolamento & purificação , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta Torácica/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Etnofarmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Pironas/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis drug-resistance becomes common in sub-Saharan Africa; however, very few data are available in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study is to assess the acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains identified in TB patients to four first-line drugs in Ouagadougou. METHODS: One hundred and ten (110) pulmonary tuberculosis patients with acid-fast bacilli-positive sputum and in situation of failure, relapse, or treatment abandonment were included in the study. Ninety six strains, including 92 (95.8%) M. tuberculosis and 4 (4.2%) M. africanum, were isolated from the sputum samples of these patients. Their drug susceptibility testing was performed using the proportion method. The first-line drugs tested were isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (STR), ethambutol (EMB), and rifampicin (RIF). RESULTS: The overall drug-resistance rate of M. tuberculosis was 67.4% (n=60), including 3.4% to one drug, 18% to two, 10.1% to three, and 35.9% to four drugs. The resistance to INH, RIF, EMB, and STR were 67.4%, 51.7%, 50.6%, and 44.9%, respectively. Two strains of M. africanum were resistant to all drugs. Forty-six (51.7%) strains were multidrug-resistant (resistant to at least INH and RIF). CONCLUSIONS: In previously treated patients, the level of resistance of M. tuberculosis complex to commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs is very high in Ouagadougou. Our results showed that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be a public health problem in Burkina Faso.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Burkina Faso/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Escarro/microbiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Crude decoction, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of two medicinal plants (Psidium guajava and Diospyros mespiliformis), widely used in the central plateau of Burkina Faso to treat many diseases were evaluated for their antagonistic effects on caffeine induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat skeletal muscle cells. These different extracts showed a decrease of caffeine induced calcium release in a dose dependent manner. Comparison of the results showed that Psidium guajava leaf extracts are more active than extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis and that crude decoctions show better inhibitory activity. The observed results could explain their use as antihypertensive and antidiarrhoeal agents in traditional medicine, by inhibiting intracellular calcium release.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Ebenaceae/química , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Psidium/química , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , RatosRESUMO
Sclerocarya birrea is a plant used widely to treat many diseases in Burkina Faso, although no scientific data has been reported about its mechanism of action. In the present study the effects of its leaf extracts were investigated on calcium signalling in rat cultured skeletal muscle cells. The results show that the different extracts (crude decoction, aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts) have significant antagonistic effect on caffeine-induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Crude decoction is the most active followed by ethanolic, aqueous and chloroformic extracts in dose-dependent manner and can partly justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine.
Assuntos
Sinalização do Cálcio/efeitos dos fármacos , Cycadopsida/química , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Burkina Faso , Cafeína/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fluorescência , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Músculo Esquelético/citologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismoRESUMO
A study of traditional animal health care practices in Passoré province of Burkina Faso led to the characterization of 24 diseases, together with their local names, causes of their appearance, and their treatment. Most (95%) of the medicinal recipes used to treat affected animals were based on plants.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais , Bem-Estar do Animal , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Farmacopeias como Assunto , Medicina Veterinária , Doenças dos Animais/classificação , Doenças dos Animais/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Animais/terapia , Animais , Burkina FasoRESUMO
In order to reduce maternal mortality due to cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), it is important to screen women for short stature, especially in rural areas of developing countries. We measured the height of 1733 women as they left the maternity services in Ouagadougou and recorded the type of delivery. Women less than 155 cm tall were 4.9 times more likely to have a cesarean section delivery. We propose simplified screening criteria for use by traditional birth attendants.
Assuntos
Estatura , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/prevenção & controle , Pelvimetria , Burkina Faso , Cesárea , Distocia/etiologia , Distocia/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/etiologia , GravidezRESUMO
Aquous extracts of brewery draff injected intravenously into ewes and cows induced prolactin and growth hormone (GH) secretion. The same draff added to the feed of cows appeared to be unable to significantly stimulate the blood level of prolactin and GH. In these experimental conditions, milk production was not enhanced by draff. Pure beta-glucan extracted from barley also stimulated hormone secretion when administered by the intravenous route. Barley, bier and draff therefore contain a beta-glucan-like factor which stimulates lactogenic hormone secretion. The amount present in draff is probably unable to cause an increase in hormones when administered orally. Hence, the well-established stimulatory effect of draff on milk production results from their nutritive value rather than from their ability of modulating the endocrine system.
Assuntos
Grão Comestível , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Lactação/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Injeções Intravenosas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , GravidezRESUMO
Water extracts from various african plants reputed to be lactogenic have been administered orally to mature virgin rats. After 4 days of treatment, the presence of beta-casein in mammary gland has been evaluated using a radioimmunoassay. Four out of the 7 plants examined proved to have an authentic capacity to stimulate milk synthesis.
Assuntos
Caseínas/biossíntese , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Hidrocortisona/análogos & derivados , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Cinética , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais , Prolactina/farmacologia , Ratos , Especificidade da Espécie , Sulpirida/farmacologiaRESUMO
Pectins from apple, citrus and sugar beet injected intravenously to ewes markedly stimulated blood prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Pectic acid and polygalacturonic acid exhibited the same property. A preparation of oligogalacturonic acid with a polymerisation degree of 12 to 13 was also active, whereas oligomers with a smaller degree of polymerisation (congruent to 10) were devoid of activity. Pectic acid administered orally to mature virgin rats induced the accumulation of beta-casein in mammary gland. Pectins and some of their derivatives therefore had a lactogenic property and their effect probably resulted from a capacity to trigger lactogenic hormone secretion.