RESUMO
The effect of cover plants on arthropod functional biodiversity was investigated in a vineyard in Northern Italy, through a 3-year field experiment. The following six ground cover plants were tested: Sweet Alyssum; Phacelia; Buckwheat; Faba Bean; Vetch and Oat; control. Arthropods were sampled using different techniques, including collection of leaves, vacuum sampling and sweeping net. Ground cover plant management significantly affected arthropod fauna, including beneficial groups providing ecosystem services like biological control against pests. Many beneficial groups were attracted by ground cover treatments in comparison with control, showing an aggregative numerical response in the plots managed with some of the selected plant species. Alyssum, Buckwheat and 'Vetch and Oat' mixture showed attractiveness on some Hymenoptera parasitoid families, which represented 72.3% of the insects collected by sweeping net and 45.7 by vacuum sampling. Phytoseiidae mites showed a significant increase on leaves of the vineyard plots managed with ground covers, in comparison with control, although they did not show any difference among the treatments. In general, the tested ground cover treatments did not increase dangerous Homoptera populations in comparison with control, with the exception of Alyssum. The potential of ground cover plant management in Italian vineyards is discussed: the overall lack of potential negative effects of the plants tested, combined with an aggregative numerical response for many beneficials, seems to show a potential for their use in Northern Italy vineyards.
Assuntos
Artrópodes/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Ecossistema , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Vitis/fisiologia , Animais , Avena/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fagopyrum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cadeia Alimentar , Himenópteros/fisiologia , Itália , Agricultura Orgânica/métodos , Vicia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vicia faba/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
3-(1-Methylethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-naphth[1,2-d] imidazole (MDL-035) has antiinflammatory activity in various antiinflammatory models such as carrageenin and nystatin oedemas, cotton pellet granuloma and adjuvant arthritis. The antiinflammatory potency of MDL-035 is greater than that of acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone, but lower than that of indomethacin. MDL-035 has practically no gastroulcerogenic activity in rats, does not affect water or salt excretion, has no hormonal or antihormonal effects and has no other unwanted pharmacological effects. Its acute toxicity is very low.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/toxicidade , Ácido Araquidônico , Ácidos Araquidônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Cães , Glândulas Endócrinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Glicogênio Hepático/metabolismo , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Camundongos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Úlcera Péptica/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of a series of analgesic, antiinflammatory beta-aminopyrroles is described. Qualitative structure activity relationships are discussed. One of the compounds reported in the study is a candidate for toxicological and clinical trials.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Pirróis/síntese química , Animais , Ácido Araquidônico , Ácidos Araquidônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Carragenina , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Pirróis/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Úlcera/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Novel 3-alkyl-2-aryl-3H- naphth [1,2-d]imidazoles were synthesized and evaluated as antiinflammatory agents in the carrageenin-induced paw edema, cotton pellet induced granuloma, and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis assays in rats. The analgesic, antipyretic, and gastroulcerogenic effects were also tested. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. One of the compounds, 3-(1-methylethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H- naphth [1,2-d]imidazole (35), was selected for clinical trials as a nonacidic antiinflammatory and analgesic agent.