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Mol Pharm ; 18(2): 679-698, 2021 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32491861

RESUMO

Current influenza virus vaccines are focused on humoral immunity and are limited by the short duration of protection, narrow cross-strain efficacy, and suboptimal immunogenicity. Here, we combined two chemically and biologically distinct adjuvants, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) and RNA-based agonists of RIG-I, to determine whether the diverse mechanisms of these adjuvants could lead to improved immunogenicity and breadth of protection against the influenza virus. NE activates TLRs, stimulates immunogenic apoptosis, and enhances cellular antigen uptake, leading to a balanced TH1/TH2/TH17 response when administered intranasally. RIG-I agonists included RNAs derived from Sendai and influenza viral defective interfering RNAs (IVT DI, 3php, respectively) and RIG-I/TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C) (pIC), which induce IFN-Is and TH1-polarized responses. NE/RNA combined adjuvants potentially allow for costimulation of multiple innate immune receptor pathways, more closely mimicking patterns of activation occurring during natural viral infection. Mice intranasally immunized with inactivated A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR/8) adjuvanted with NE/IVT DI or NE/3php (but not NE/pIC) showed synergistic enhancement of systemic PR/8-specific IgG with significantly greater avidity and virus neutralization activity than the individual adjuvants. Notably, NE/IVT DI induced protective neutralizing titers after a single immunization. Hemagglutinin stem-specific antibodies were also improved, allowing recognition of heterologous and heterosubtypic hemagglutinins. All NE/RNAs elicited substantial PR/8-specific sIgA. Finally, a unique cellular response with enhanced TH1/TH17 immunity was induced with the NE/RNAs. These results demonstrate that the enhanced immunogenicity of the adjuvant combinations was synergistic and not simply additive, highlighting the potential value of a combined adjuvant approach for improving the efficacy of vaccination against the influenza virus.


Assuntos
Proteína DEAD-box 58/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , RNA Interferente Pequeno/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Cães , Emulsões , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/química , Poli I-C/administração & dosagem , Cultura Primária de Células , RNA Interferente Pequeno/imunologia , Vacinação/métodos
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