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1.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 99(11): 636-642, nov. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63296

RESUMO

Presentamos nuestra experiencia inicial en el tratamiento de laincontinencia fecal (IF) mediante neuromodulación de raíces sacras(NRS), a través de los resultados de un estudio prospectivo realizadocon 26 pacientes en el que se comparan los valores basales enla escala de continencia de Wexner-Cleveland y en la capacidadpara el retraso de la defecación, con los obtenidos tras un año deterapia con NRS. El estudio inicial de cada paciente incluía anamnesis,exploración general, ecografía y manometría rectal, así comounos diarios de continencia y de calidad de vida específicos para laIF de 3 semanas. Antes de la terapia con NRS, el valor medio en laescala Wexner-Cleveland fue de 15,00 ± 1,81 y el 62,50% de lospacientes tenía una capacidad de retraso de la defecación menorde 1 minuto. Tras un año de terapia con NRS, el valor medio en laescala de Wexner-Cleveland fue de 4,87 ± 2,54 (p = 0,0031) y el75,01% de los pacientes presentaba una capacidad de retraso defecatoriomayor de 15 minutos (p = 0,0018). Hacemos, además,una descripción detalla de la técnica quirúrgica de la NRS, haciendoreferencia a sus indicaciones y finalizamos revisando las distintasopciones terapéuticas para la IF mostrando nuestro algoritmo terapéuticopara esta patología. La NRS es una técnica eficaz para eltratamiento de la IF en pacientes seleccionados que no han respondidoa tratamiento conservador, biofeedback o correcciones anatómicas(esfinteroplastia), con una mínima morbilidad y susceptible derealizarse en un programa de cirugía ambulatoria


We present our initial experience in the treatment of fecal incontinence (FI) with sacral root neuromodulation (SRN) by reporting the results of a prospective study with 26 patients where baselineWexner-Cleveland scale scores and ability to delay defecationwere compard to results after one year with SRN. The initial studyof patients included history taking, general examination, anal ultrasonography,and manometry, and a three-week diary of continenceand quality of life specific for FI was used. Before SRN themean baseline Wexner-Cleveland score was 15.00 ± 1.81, and62.50% of patients could only delay defecation for less than aminute. After a year with NRS the mean Wexner-Cleveland scorewas 4.87 ± 2.54 (p = 0.0031), and 75.01% of patients could delaydefecation above fifteen minutes (p = 0.0018). We also describethe surgical technique and its indications, and finally reviewthe various therapeutical options for FI and show our algorithmfor this condition. SRN is an effective technique for the treatmentof FI in properly selected patients with no response to medicaltherapies (including biofeedback) or anatomic correction (sphincteroplasty),with efficacy, little morbidity, and a short hospital stay


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neurotransmissores/uso terapêutico , Incontinência Fecal/terapia , Plexo Lombossacral , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Eletrodos Implantados
2.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 99(11): 636-42, 2007 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18271661

RESUMO

We present our initial experience in the treatment of fecal incontinence (FI) with sacral root neuromodulation (SRN) by reporting the results of a prospective study with 26 patients where baseline Wexner-Cleveland scale scores and ability to delay defecation were compared to results after one year with SRN. The initial study of patients included history taking, general examination, anal ultrasonography, and manometry, and a three-week diary of continence and quality of life specific for FI was used. Before SRN the mean baseline Wexner-Cleveland score was 15.00 +/- 1.81, and 62.50% of patients could only delay defecation for less than a minute. After a year with NRS the mean Wexner-Cleveland score was 4.87 +/- 2.54 (p = 0.0031), and 75.01% of patients could delay defecation above fifteen minutes (p = 0.0018). We also describe the surgical technique and its indications, and finally review the various therapeutical options for FI and show our algorithm for this condition. SRN is an effective technique for the treatment of FI in properly selected patients with no response to medical therapies (including biofeedback) or anatomic correction (sphincteroplasty), with efficacy, little morbidity, and a short hospital stay.


Assuntos
Incontinência Fecal/terapia , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Plexo Lombossacral , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
3.
Rev Clin Esp ; 206(3): 137-40, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16597379

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Proctalgia fugax can be defined as transitory but recurrent anal pain. Although its etiology remains unknown, an internal anal sphincter spasm seems to be the most likely, so that the different treatments focus on reducing the pressure of the internal anal sphincter. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of proctalgia fugax. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective clinical trial of patients with proctalgia fugax treated with botulinum A toxin at the Outpatient Clinic attached to the Coloproctogy Unit, University Hospital of Elche, from January 1999 to January 2002. The patients included in the study underwent rectal digital examination, anuscopy, rectoscopy, anal manometry and ultrasonography, barium enema and pelvic CT scan to rule out any organic cause for anal pain. The treatment consisted of 25 IU of botulinum A toxin, with a supplementary dose of 50 IU in those patients with persistence of anal pain episodes within the next two months. The patients were reviewed on the first week, second month, sixth month and first and second year. Anal pain was measured by the patients, using a linear analogue scale from 0 to 10, and continence was assessed at every visit using the Cleveland Continence Grading Scale. RESULTS: Five patients were recluted for the study, with a predominance of females (4 vs. 1). Mean age was 45 years. Length of symptoms prior to the treatment was 13 months (range: 6-18 months). Only one female patient required a second dose of botulinum A toxin to handle the anal pain. All the patients healed and remained free of pain up to finishing the follow-up. There were no local complications. Anal manometry showed an increased MRP (mean resting pressure) in comparison to a control group of patients (114 mmHg vs. 66 mmHg; p < 0.001) that restore to normal values after the treatment (75.65 mmHg). As for the MSP (mean squeeze pressure), it showed no difference with respect to the control group nor did it vary after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Botulinum A toxin offers a high rate of healing with no associate morbidity in the treatment of proctalgia fugax.


Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/tratamento farmacológico , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 206(3): 137-140, mar. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045344

RESUMO

Introducción. La proctalgia fugax es un dolor pasajero en la región anal cuya etiología no está clara, siendo la más defendida el espasmo del esfínter anal interno. Así, están indicados tratamientos que inducen una relajación del esfínter. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar la eficacia de la toxina botulínica como tratamiento de la proctalgia fugax. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados de proctalgia fugax en la consulta de Coloproctología del Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Universitario de Elche desde enero de 1999 a enero de 2002. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una exploración física, tacto rectal, anuscopia, rectoscopia, enema opaco, ecografía endoanal, manometría anal y tomografía computarizada (TC) pélvica para descartar cualquier tipo de patología orgánica. Como tratamiento se realizaron infiltraciones con 25 U de toxina botulínica y se reinyectaron 50 U más a aquellos pacientes en los que al segundo mes persistía la proctalgia. Se revisó a la primera semana, al segundo mes, sexto mes, al año y al segundo año. El dolor fue evaluado mediante escala visual analógica de 0 a 10. La continencia se determinó con el Cleveland Score Incontinence. Resultados. Se incluyeron 5 pacientes (4 mujeres y un hombre). La edad media fue de 45 años. La duración de los síntomas previa al tratamiento fue de 13 meses (rango: 6-18 meses). Sólo una paciente requirió una segunda dosis de toxina botulínica, desapareciendo el dolor tras esta segunda infiltración. Todos los pacientes curaron, manteniéndose sin dolor al final del seguimiento. No hubo complicaciones locales. Los hallazgos manométricos mostraron un incremento en la presión máxima basal (PMB) en comparación con el grupo control (114 mmHg frente a 66 mmHg; p < 0,001), recuperándose a valores normales tras el tratamiento (75,65 mmHg). La presión máxima de contracción voluntaria (PMCV) no mostró diferencias con respecto a los valores del grupo control tanto previo al tratamiento como en el seguimiento. Conclusión. La toxina botulínica puede ser considerada como una potencial terapia para la proctalgia fugax dada la alta tasa de curación con mínima morbilidad


Introduction. Proctalgia fugax can be defined as transitory but recurrent anal pain. Although its etiology remains unknown, an internal anal sphincter spasm seems to be the most likely, so that the different treatments focus on reducing the pressure of the internal anal sphincter. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of proctalgia fugax. Patients and methods. Prospective clinical trial of patients with proctalgia fugax treated with botulinum A toxin at the Outpatient Clinic attached to the Coloproctogy Unit, University Hospital of Elche, from January 1999 to January 2002. The patients included in the study underwent rectal digital examination, anuscopy, rectoscopy, anal manometry and ultrasonography, barium enema and pelvic CT scan to rule out any organic cause for anal pain. The treatment consisted of 25 IU of botulinum A toxin, with a supplementary dose of 50 IU in those patients with persistence of anal pain episodes within the next two months. The patients were reviewed on the first week, second month, sixth month and first and second year. Anal pain was measured by the patients, using a linear analogue scale from 0 to 10, and continence was assessed at every visit using the Cleveland Continence Grading Scale. Results. Five patients were recluted for the study, with a predominance of females (4 vs. 1). Mean age was 45 years. Length of symptoms prior to the treatment was 13 months (range: 6-18 months). Only one female patient required a second dose of botulinum A toxin to handle the anal pain. All the patients healed and remained free of pain up to finishing the follow-up. There were no local complications. Anal manometry showed an increased MRP (mean resting pressure) in comparison to a control group of patients (114 mmHg vs. 66 mmHg; p < 0.001) that restore to normal values after the treatment (75.65 mmHg). As for the MSP (mean squeeze pressure), it showed no difference with respect to the control group nor did it vary after the treatment. Conclusion. Botulinum A toxin offers a high rate of healing with no associate morbidity in the treatment of proctalgia fugax


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Doenças do Ânus/tratamento farmacológico , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
5.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 96(12): 860-863, dic. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137342

RESUMO

Introducción: la fisura anal crónica sigue siendo uno de los problemas proctológicos más frecuentes e incapacitantes en la población occidental actual. La esfinterotomía lateral interna abierta es una de las opciones terapéuticas descritas y aceptadas como tratamiento de elección de la fisura anal crónica, ya que reduce la hipertonía esfinteriana (mecanismo etiopatogénico fundamental de la fisura), permitiendo por tanto, disminuir la proctalgia y así la curación de la fisura. Material y métodos: realizamos un estudio prospectivo de 120 pacientes intervenidos por fisura anal crónica con esfinterotomía lateral interna abierta con anestesia local (20 cc mepivacaína al 2%) tratados ambulatoriamente en la consulta de la Unidad de Proctología entre los años 1998-2001. No se requirió estudios preoperatorios, preparación con enemas, profilaxis antibiótica, accesos venosos, ingreso ni observación hospitalaria. Los pacientes fueron revisados a la 1a semana, 2o mes, 6o mes y al año. Resultados: complicaciones precoces (1a semana): 3 hematoma-equimosis de la herida (2,5%), 3 hemorragias autolimitadas (2,5%). No encontramos trombosis hemorroidales, fístulas, abscesos perianales ni mortalidad. Complicaciones tardías (2o mes): 9 pacientes con incontinencia (7,5%) y 3 pacientes (2,5%) con recurrencia de la fisura. Al 6o mes, la incontinencia disminuyó al 5% (6 pacientes), y aparecieron 3 pacientes más con recurren- cia de la fisura (2,5%). Al año se mantuvo la tasa de incontinencia del 5% (a gases y líquidos) y aparecieron otros 3 pacientes con recurrencia de la fisura (2,5%). Recurrencia global del 7,5%. Los hallazgos en la manometría fueron, PMB (presión máxima basal) pre-tratamiento similar a la PMB en pacientes con recurren- cia de la fisura, así como la PMB del grupo control similar a la PMB de pacientes con curación. La PMB en pacientes incontinentes fue más baja que la PMB en pacientes continentes (55 ± 7 frente a 80,7 ± 21). La diferencia entre la PMCV (presión máxima de contracción voluntaria) en pacientes incontinentes y pacientes continentes no fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: la esfinterotomía lateral interna abierta con anestesia local tiene una tasa de curación a largo plazo y unos índices de morbilidad equiparables a otras técnicas, por lo que puede ser considerada como un tratamiento adecuado y eficaz para esta patología (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anestesia Local , Fissura Anal/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Fissura Anal/fisiopatologia , Manometria , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 96(12): 856-63, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15634186

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic anal fissure is one of the most frequent proctological disorders in Western populations. Open lateral internal sphincterotomy is one of the therapeutic options accepted as the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure, since it reduces the hypertonia of the internal anal sphincter (the main etiopathogenic mechanism of fissures), decreases anal pain, and allows the fissure to heal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective study of 120 patients operated on for chronic anal fissure with open sphincterotomy under local anesthesia at our Proctology Outpatient Unit from 1998 to 2001. No preoperative studies, bowel preparation, or antibiotic prophylaxis were carried out. All patients were followed up after 1 week, 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year, and underwent an anal manometry before and after surgery. RESULTS: Early complications: 3 hematoma-ecchymosis of the wound (2.5%), 3 self-limited hemorrhage events (2.5%). No hemorrhoidal thrombosis, fistulas, or perianal abscesses occurred. Fissures recurred in nine patients (7.5%) within one year. The initial rate of incontinence of 7.5% at two months dropped down to 5% at six months. The mean resting pressure (MRP) in incontinent patients was lower than in continent patients (55 +/- 7 mmHg versus 80.7 +/- 21 mmHg). The difference in mean squeeze pressure (MSP) between incontinent patients and continent patients was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Open sphincterotomy under local anesthesia has a long-term rate of healing and a morbidity rate similar to other techniques. It may therefore be considered an effective treatment for chronic anal fissure.


Assuntos
Anestesia Local , Fissura Anal/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Feminino , Fissura Anal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Manometria , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Fatores de Tempo
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