RESUMO
This article reviews mushrooms with anti-breast cancer activity. The mushrooms covered which are better known include the following: button mushroom Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom Agaricus blazei, Amauroderma rugosum, stout camphor fungus Antrodia camphorata, Jew's ear (black) fungus or black wood ear fungus Auricularia auricula-judae, reishi mushroom or Lingzhi Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma sinense, maitake mushroom or sheep's head mushroom Grifola frondosa, lion's mane mushroom or monkey head mushroom Hericium erinaceum, brown beech mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus, sulfur polypore mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus, Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom), Phellinus linteus (Japanese "meshimakobu," Chinese "song gen," Korean "sanghwang," American "black hoof mushroom"), abalone mushroom Pleurotus abalonus, king oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, tuckahoe or Fu Ling Poria cocos, and split gill mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Antineoplastic effectiveness in human clinical trials and mechanism of anticancer action have been reported for Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes.
Assuntos
Agaricales/química , Agaricales/classificação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Misturas Complexas/química , Misturas Complexas/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , RatosRESUMO
The purpose of this account is to review the compounds capable of eliciting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells produced by medicinal fungi and plants. The medicinal fungi discussed encompass Cordyceps, Ganoderma species, Coriolus versicolor and Hypsizygus marmoreus. The medicinal plants discussed comprise Astragalus complanatus, Dendrobium spp, Dioscorea spp, Glycyrrhiza spp, Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng, and Momordica charantia. These compounds have the potential of development into anticancer drugs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas , Fungos/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/metabolismo , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/patologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This review looks into the herbs Gingko biloba, Polygala tenuifolia, and Lycii fructus for their widely studied neuroprotective properties. In particular, we investigated memory enhancing effect of these herbs, and their potential synergetic effect on memory with new data. Sixmonth treated mice demonstrated shorter escape latency in water maze and shorter arrival time in a consolidated memory task. Immunochemistry showed evident increase in superoxide dismutase activities in the prefrontal cortex, implying protection against free radicals during aging. Discrete increase of catecholaminergic neurons was found in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum, and midbrain, suggesting better memory and better control on mood and behavior. Necrotic cells in the brain decreased as indicated by immunocytochemistry of lactic dehydrogenase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling showed no apoptotic cells in most brain areas in high dose group. Biochemistry revealed increase of dopaminergic cells in treatment groups at prefrontal cortex, and in the hippocampus and cerebellum of the high dose group. Most 6-month groups showed increase of serotonin in all three areas. For the high dose group, GABA increased in the hippocampus but not prefrontal cortex, which would help induce sleep at night. Protein kinase C increased in most groups at prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, signifying increase of possible signal transduction pathways for memory or other nervous activations. CONCLUSION: Our results intimate that the interaction of the three herbs exerts beneficial effects on memory, associated cognitive function, and necrosis. Future investigations based on the present data shall aid development of clinically relevant medication.
Assuntos
Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Ginkgo biloba , Lycium , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Polygala , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Ginkgo biloba/química , Humanos , Lycium/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Preparações de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Polygala/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMO
Trichosanthin (TCS) as a midterm abortifacient medicine has been used clinically in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Additionally, TCS manifests a host of pharmacological properties, for instance, anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities. TCS has been reported to inhibit cell growth of a diversity of cancers, including cervical cancer, choriocarcinoma, and leukemia/lymphoma, etc. This article purported to review the various anti-tumor activities of TCS and the mechanism of apoptosis it induced in these tumor cells. These research progresses provide an insight into cancer research and treatment as well as disclose new pharmacological properties of the ancient but popular Chinese medicine.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Tricosantina/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Trichosanthes/química , Tricosantina/isolamento & purificação , Tricosantina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The aim of this study is to explore the correlations between fasciology and yin yang doctrine. Professor Yuan developed fasciology by three-dimensional reconstruction of connective tissue (fascia) in the trunk and limbs of the human body and tracing back to tissue origins in light of biological evolution and developmental biology. Fasciology states that the human body can be divided into two systems: the supporting-storing system and the functional system. This article elaborates on the roles of the two systems and their mutual relationship. The two systems are used to analyze the yin, the yang, and their relationship. The two systems are promoted but also restricted in different contexts. The supporting-storing system is formed by undifferentiated connective tissue and provides undifferentiated cells and nutrients for differentiated cells of the functional system. Thus, the supporting-storing system could be classified as quiet, similar to yin. The functional system continuously maintains the various functional activities of the human body. Thus, the functional system could be classified as active, similar to yang. In interpreting the yin yang doctrine from the point of view of fasciology, yin can be compared with the supporting-storing system and yang can be compared with the functional system.
Assuntos
Fáscia , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Meridianos , Yin-Yang , Tecido Conjuntivo , HumanosRESUMO
The anatomical basis for the concept of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the evidence supporting a relationship between acupuncture points/meridians and fascia. The reviewed evidence supports the view that the human body's fascia network may be the physical substrate represented by the meridians of TCM. Specifically, this hypothesis is supported by anatomical observations of body scan data demonstrating that the fascia network resembles the theoretical meridian system in salient ways, as well as physiological, histological, and clinical observations. This view represents a theoretical basis and means for applying modern biomedical research to examining TCM principles and therapies, and it favors a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment.
RESUMO
Research using medical imaging instruments such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has led to the proposal that the fascial network distributed over the human body is the anatomical basis for the acupoints and meridians of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we put forward a new theory of anatomy called fascial anatomy. In fascial anatomy, a human body is divided into two major systems. One is the supporting-storing system of unspecialized connective tissues. The other is a functional system. An undifferentiated non-specific connective tissue network, with the participation of the nervous and the immune systems, constitutes the supporting-storing system of the human body. The various differentiated functional cells in the body that are supported and surrounded by the supporting-storing system constitute the functional system. The discipline that studies the supporting-storing system and the mutual relationship between this system and the functional system in a living human body is called fasciaology. The establishment of fascial anatomy and fasciaology opens a new research field in anatomy; consequently, fasciaology will play a significant role in biological medicine and traditional Chinese medical research, as well as future clinical practice.
Assuntos
Fáscia/anatomia & histologia , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Pontos de Acupuntura , Fáscia/irrigação sanguínea , Fáscia/fisiologia , Humanos , MeridianosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the peripheral neuronal toxicity of a traditional Chinese medicine, alpha-trichosanthin (TCS). METHODS: TCS and rhodamine-conjugated TCS were separately injected into the rat sciatic nerve. Saline and rhodamine were used alone and separately as control solutions. The motor neurons in the spinal cord and sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia were separately counted. The entry of TCS molecules into neurons was observed under the fluorescence microscope. The glial reactions were studied by lectin staining and immunohistochemical method. The muscles innervated by the sciatic nerve and distal to the injection sites, and the nerves proximal to the injection sites were also collected and examined. RESULTS: TCS was taken up and transported by peripheral axons, and at a dose of 1 nmol, killed more than 90% of the motor neurons in 5 days, but only one-third of the sensory neurons of the injected nerve. The loss of neurons was permanent, while the increase of glial activities was mild and transient. CONCLUSION: TCS is retrogradely transported by axons of the injected nerve. TCS shows a selective neurotoxicity on different types of neurons. Hence TCS is useful in producing neural lesion in research, and this use may also be of applicational value in treating chronic spasticity, hyperalgesia, and pain.
Assuntos
Abortivos não Esteroides/metabolismo , Neurônios Motores/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/efeitos dos fármacos , Tricosantina/metabolismo , Abortivos não Esteroides/toxicidade , Animais , Axônios/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Feminino , Gânglios Espinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Neurônios Motores/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rodaminas/química , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Tricosantina/toxicidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of Compound Paeonol Dripping Pill (CPDP) and its effect on the levels of plasma inflammatory mediators, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). METHODS: Ninety patients with unstable angina were randomized by enveloping method into 3 groups equally, the conventional Western therapy group (A), the CPDP group (B), and the Tongxinluo group (C). The improvement of angina pectoris symptoms and electrocardiogram (ECG) was observed after 2 weeks of treatment and the levels of plasma CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: The total effective rate in improving angina pectoris was 93.3% in Group B, significantly higher than that in Group A (73.3%, P <0.01) and Group C (76.7%, P <0.05), while no significant difference of ECG improvement rate was found between the three groups (P >0.05). Plasma total cholesterol and inflammation indexes were significantly lowered after treatment in Group B (P <0.05), showing a significant difference to those in the other two groups (P <0.05), but the indexes were unchanged in the other two groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Effect of CPDP is better in relieving symptoms, depressing inflammatory reaction for treatment of unstable angina patients than that of Tonxinluo Capsule and conventional Western treatment.