The effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular damage induced by lipopolysaccharides in rats.

Introduction: Inflammation and oxidative stress are contributed to cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D (Vit D) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current research, the effect of Vit D on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, and oxidative stress indicators in cardiovascular tissues was studied in lipopolysaccharides(LPS) injected rats. Methods: Rats were distributed into 5 groups and were treated for 2 weeks. Control: received vehicle(saline supplemented with tween-80) instead of Vit D and saline instead of LPS, LPS: treated by 1 mg/kg of LPS and was given vehicle instead of Vit D, LPS-Vit D groups: received 3 doses of Vit D (100, 1000, and 10000 IU/kg) of Vit D in addition to LPS. Vit D was dissolved in saline supplemented with tween-80 (final concentration 0.1%) and LPS was dissolved in saline. The white blood cell (WBC) was counted. Oxidative stress markers were determined in serum, aorta, and heart. Cardiac tissue fibrosis was also estimated using Masson's trichrome staining method. Results: WBC and malondialdehyde (MDA) were higher in the LPS group than the control group, whereas the thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were lower in the LPS group than the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001). Administration of Vit D decreased WBC (P<0.001) and MDA (P<0.05 and P<0.001) while enhanced thiol (dose 10000 IU/Kg) (P<0.001), SOD (dose 10000 IU/kg) (P<0.001), and CAT (P<0.05 and P<0.001) compared to the LPS group. All doses of Vit D also decreased cardiac fibrosis compared to the LPS group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Vit D protected the cardiovascular against the detrimental effect of LPS. This cardiovascular protection can be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Vit D.

A Comparative Analysis of Photobiomodulation-Mediated Biological Effects of Single Versus Double Irradiation on Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Objective: In recent years, fractionated irradiation protocols, rather than a simple plan of exposure, have been proposed as a more effective method in the field of tissue regeneration. Thus, this study aimed at a comparative analysis of single versus double irradiation of an 808-nm diode laser, in terms of dental pulp stem cells' (DPSCs) viability and proliferation in vitro. Methods: Subcultured DPSCs were either irradiated, or not (control group), with energy densities of 3, 7, and 12 J·cm-2 in a single- or double-session manner (24 h apart). On 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postirradiation, cell viability and proliferation were evaluated through Trypan Blue and alamarBlue assays, respectively. Results: During the first 48 h postirradiation, the highest rates of DPSC proliferation were assigned to double irradiation at 3 or single exposure to 7 J⋅cm-2, with no cytotoxic effects on cell viability. Inversely, single irradiation at 12, or a double session of exposure to 7 or 12 J⋅cm-2, led to a significant descent in the rates of proliferation and cell viability. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, evidence suggests a positive impact on the biological responses of DPSCs following double session of exposure to lower energy densities as well as a single irradiation at a higher energy dosage.

Effects of diode low-level laser therapy on healing of tooth extraction sockets: a histopathological study in diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is mostly interrelated to deficiency in wound healing. Low-level laser therapy has been shown to exert reliable effects on the acceleration of wound healing process. This study aimed to determine the potential influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of extraction sockets in diabetic rats. A total of 24 healthy male Wistar rats were selected for this study. After diabetes induction, the maxillary first molars of all rats were extracted bilaterally. Then, the animals were subjected either to Ga-Al-As laser at 808 nm or to Al-Ga-In-P laser at 660 nm at the right extracted socket every day for the next 14 days. The left sockets served as controls. Rats were sacrificed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days after tooth extraction. The samples were examined by a pathologist. LLLT at 808 nm was able to significantly repress inflammation, improve osteoid formation, and promote vascularization in comparison to the non-treated sockets. LLLT at 660 nm significantly suppressed inflammation and developed vascularization in comparison to the non-treated sockets, but failed to improve osteoid formation in the treated sockets. This study suggests that LLLT could be considered as a reliable treatment for wound healing in diabetic experimental rats.