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1.
J Oleo Sci ; 69(11): 1359-1366, 2020 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33055442

RESUMO

For the very first time, the nutritional and physicochemical properties of the oil extracted from hackberry Celtis australis fruit were investigated with the aim of possible applications of such wild fruit oil. The physicochemical properties such as peroxide value, acidity, saponification, iodine value and total fat content of the extracted oil were examined extensively. The obtained results showed that peroxide value, acidity, saponification, iodine value and total fat content of the extracted oil were found to be 4.9 meq O2/kg fat, 0.9 mg KOH/g fat, 193.6 mg KOH/g fat, 141.52 mg I2/g fat and ~5%, respectively. The predominant fatty acid found in this wild fruit is linoleic acid which was calculated to be 73.38%±1.24. In addition, gamma-tocopherol (87%) and ß-sitosterol (81.2%±1.08) were the major tocopherol and sterol compositions found in Celtis australis seed oil. Moreover, equivalent carbon number (ECN) analysis has indicated that the three linoleic acids are the main composition of the triacylglycerols extracted from Celtis australis. Also, the high value of omega 6 and ß-sitosterol make this oil applicable in cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.


Assuntos
Carbono/análise , Ésteres/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácido Linoleico/análise , Fitosteróis/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Sementes/química , Tocoferóis/análise , Triglicerídeos/análise , Ulmaceae/química , Biofarmácia , Fenômenos Químicos , Cosméticos , Peróxidos/análise , Sitosteroides/análise , Triglicerídeos/química , gama-Tocoferol/análise
2.
Neurol Sci ; 41(7): 1781-1789, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32040791

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), the amount and distribution of current that reaches the brain depends on individual anatomy. Many progressive neurodegenerative diseases are associated with cortical atrophy, but the importance of individual brain atrophy during tDCS in patients with progressive atrophy, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA), remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we addressed the question whether brain anatomy in patients with distinct cortical atrophy patterns would impact brain current intensity and distribution during tDCS over the left IFG. METHOD: We developed state-of-the-art, gyri-precise models of three subjects, each representing a variant of primary progressive aphasia: non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). We considered two exemplary montages over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG): a conventional pad montage (anode over F7, cathode over the right cheek) and a 4 × 1 high-definition tDCS montage. We further considered whether local anatomical features, specifically distance of the cortex to skull, can directly predict local electric field intensity. RESULTS: We found that the differences in brain current flow across the three PPA variants fall within the distribution of anatomically typical adults. While clustering of electric fields was often around individual gyri or sulci, the minimal distance from the gyri/sulci to skull was not correlated with electric field intensity. CONCLUSION: Limited to the conditions and assumptions considered here, this argues against a specific need to adjust the tDCS montage for these patients any more than might be considered useful in anatomically typical adults. Therefore, local atrophy does not, in isolation, reliably predict local electric field. Rather, our results are consistent with holistic head anatomy influencing brain current flow, with tDCS producing diffuse and individualized brain current flow patterns and HD-tDCS producing targeted brain current flow across individuals.


Assuntos
Afasia Primária Progressiva , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Adulto , Afasia Primária Progressiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Afasia Primária Progressiva/terapia , Atrofia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos
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