Development of Pegylated Nano-Phytosome Formulation with Oleuropein and Rutin to Compare Anti-Colonic Cancer Activity with Olea Europaea Leaves Extract.

Olive leaf extract is a valuable source of phenolic compounds; primarily, oleuropein (major component) and rutin. This natural olive leaf extract has potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor pharmacokinetics and low stability. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to enhance the anticancer activity and stability of oleuropein and rutin by loading them into PEGylated Nano-phytosomes. The developed PEGylated Nano-phytosomes exhibited favorable characteristics in terms of size, charge, and stability. Notably, the anticolonic cancer activity of the Pegylated Nano-phytosomes loaded with oleuropein (IC50=0.14 µM) and rutin (IC50=0.44 µM) surpassed that of pure oleuropein and rutin alone. This outcome highlights the advantageous impact of Nano-phytosomes to augment the anticancer potential of oleuropein and rutin. These results present a promising pathway for the future development of oleuropein and rutin Nano-phytosomes as effective options for passive tumor-targeted therapy, given their improved stability and efficacy.

Biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic studies following the oral administration of sodium salicylate in oily and aqueous vehicles to rabbit.

The pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e. peak concentration (c(max)); peak time (t(max)); area under the curve (AUC); elimination rate constant (k); absorption rate constant (k(a)); Drug clearance (cl(t)), and the volume of distribution (v(d)) of sodium salicylate administered in fractionated coconut oil (FCO) have been compared with that from an aqueous and glycerin vehicles using a three-way crossover study in 12 rabbits. The results of the study show that all of the pharmacokinetic parameters tested differ significantly when administered in oily rather than aqueous or glycerin vehicles. No statistically significant difference was found between any of the above mentioned parameters when comparison was made between aqueous and glycerin formulations. The results indicate that sodium salicylate is absorbed at a lower rate but to a greater extent from oily formulation. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed and is suggested, therefore, that the oily formulation might be used as a sustained release preparation.