The release of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals from erythromycin fermentation residue under heat-activated persulfate oxidation conditioning.

Erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) is one kind of biological waste with high organic matter content. The recycling of EFR is not only beneficial to the environmental protection, but also to the economic development. In this study, the release of organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and heavy metals (HMs) from EFR under heat-activated persulfate (PS) oxidation conditioning was investigated. Results indicated that oxidation conditioning promoted the release of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). Heat-activated PS oxidation conditioning boosted the release of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia­nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate­nitrogen (NO3--N) into the supernatant, as well as the decomposition of organic nitrogen (ON). Concurrently, heat-activated PS oxidation conditioning facilitated the release of total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO43--P) and organic phosphorus (OP) into the supernatant, and the decomposition of OP. Furthermore, heat-activated PS oxidation conditioning resulted in the increase of release efficiencies of HMs. Therefore, heat-activated PS oxidation conditioning was beneficial to the release of organic matter, nutrients and HMs.

Antibiotic fermentation residue for biohydrogen production using different pretreated cultures: Performance evaluation and microbial community analysis.

Antibiotic fermentation residue produced from pharmaceutical plants has been listed as a "Hazardous Waste", however it contains various substrates which can be used for biofuel production. In this study, the possibility of biohydrogen production from antibiotic fermentation residue was evaluated, the process efficiency and microbial community dynamics with five different inoculum pretreatments (alkaline, γ-radiation, heat-shock, aeration and acid) were assessed. Results showed that alkaline pretreatment was most efficient for hydrogen fermentation, and the hydrogen yield, volatile solids (VS) removal and maximal hydrogen production rate reached 17.8 mL/g-VSadded, 17.8% and 3.79 mL/h, respectively. Different inoculum pretreatments led to a obvious variation in the fermentation pathway and microbial community structure. The highest content of hydrogen-producing bacteria, especially Clostridium, essentially contributed to the highest hydrogen fermentation efficiency for the system with alkaline pretreatment. This investigation suggested that antibiotic fermentation residue is a potential feedstock for hydrogen production through dark fermentation.

Identification of LEM-14 inhibitor of the oncoprotein NSD2.

The NSD family (NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1) are histone lysine methyltransferases (HMTases) essential for chromatin regulation. The NSDs are oncoproteins, drivers of a number of tumors and are considered important drug-targets but the lack of potent and selective inhibitors hampers further therapeutic development and limits exploration of their biology. In particular, MMSET/NSD2 selective inhibition is being pursued for therapeutic interventions against multiple myeloma (MM) cases, especially in multiple myeloma t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) translocation that is associated with a significantly worse prognosis than other MM subgroups. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma and remains an incurable malignancy. Here we report the discovery of LEM-14, an NSD2 specific inhibitor with an in vitro IC50 of 132 µM and that is inactive against the closely related NSD1 and NSD3. LEM-14-1189, a LEM-14 derivative, differentially inhibits the NSDs with in vitro IC50 of 418 µM (NSD1), IC50 of 111 µM (NSD2) and IC50 of 60 µM (NSD3). We propose LEM-14 and derivative LEM-14-1189 as tools for studying the biology of the NSDs and constitute meaningful steps toward potent NSDs therapeutic inhibitors.