RESUMO
Neem (Azadirachta indica), popularly known as traditional medicine is a native plant in India. Neem oil is a vegetable oil derived from seeds or fruits of the neem tree through pressing or solvent extraction, and largely used in popular medicine to have antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, as well as immunemodulatory properties in different animal species. In the present study, acute and 28-day subacute toxicity tests were carried out. In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 values of neem oil were found to be 31.95g/kg. The subacute treatment with neem oil failed to change body weight gain, food and water consumption. Serum biochemistry analysis showed no significant differences in any of the parameters examined under the dose of 1600mg/kg/day. Histopathological exams showed that the target organs of neem oil were testicle, liver and kidneys up to the dose of 1600mg/kg/day.
Assuntos
Azadirachta/toxicidade , Glicerídeos/toxicidade , Terpenos/toxicidade , Animais , Azadirachta/química , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Glicerídeos/farmacocinética , Índia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Sementes/química , Terpenos/farmacocinética , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Tecidual , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Testes de Toxicidade SubagudaRESUMO
The preparation of neem oil microemulsion and its acaricidal activity in vitro was developed in this study. In these systems, the mixture of Tween-80 and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) (4:1, by weight) was used as compound surfactant; the mixture of compound surfactant and hexyl alcohol (4:1, by weight) was used as emulsifier system; the mixture of neem oil, emulsifier system and water (1:3.5:5.5, by weight) was used as neem oil microemulsion. All the mixtures were stired in 800 rpm for 15 min at 40 degrees C. The acaricidal activity was measured by the speed of kill. The whole lethal time value of 10% neem oil microemulsion was 192.50 min against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro. The median lethal time value was 81.7463 min with the toxicity regression equations of Y=-6.0269+3.1514X. These results demonstrated that neem oil microemulsion was effective against Sarcoptes scabie var. cuniculi larvae in vitro.