Assuntos
Indústria Química , Participação da Comunidade , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluição Ambiental , Petróleo , Pesquisa Biomédica , Comunicação , Documentação , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Sicília , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
The essential oil obtained from the seeds of Momordica charantia was analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-five components, representing 90.9% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents were trans-nerolidol, apiole, cis-dihydrocarveol and germacrene D. Furthermore, the oil was tested for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most sensitive microorganism with MIC values <500 microg/ml.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Momordica charantia/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
Nine cardiotonic steroids, six 17beta-cardenolides (2, 4, 6-9) and three 17alpha-cardenolides (1, 3, 5) have been identified from the chloroform and chloroform-methanol extracts of Periploca graeca L. (Asclepiadaceae) stems. Among these, compound 5, the 17alpha-isomer of periplocin 6, was identified as a new compound. The antiproliferative effects of these compounds were tested in vitro in the hormone-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Five of these compounds, all 17beta-isomers with a 14beta-OH group and at least one sugar molecule (4, 6-9), showed a very strong antiproliferative effect, with IC50 values between 18 and 50 nM. Compound 2, the only 17beta-cardenolide aglycone, had an IC50 value of 0.6 microM, which is 13 to 16 times higher than the values found for the corresponding cardenolides with one or two sugars. The IC50 values found for the three 17alpha-isomers were significantly higher (5.4 and 7.3 microM), with IC50 ratios (17alpha-cardenolide/17beta-cardenolide) of up to 192. In the 17alpha-cardenolide series, the presence of a sugar unit does not seem to have a significant effect on the IC50 values. This is the first report showing a markedly different cytotoxicities between the 17alpha- and 17beta-isomers in the cardenolide series.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Periploca , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Cardenolídeos/administração & dosagem , Cardenolídeos/química , Cardenolídeos/farmacologia , Cardenolídeos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
A new acylated flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-O-(2-trans-caffeoyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with the known 25R,26-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22alpha-hydroxy-5beta-furostan-3-beta-yl O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), anemonin (3), beta-D-glucosyl-p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (4), and 1-beta-O-caffeoyl-D-glucose (5) were isolated from Helleborus foetidus leaves and identified on the basis of detailed spectral analysis.
Assuntos
Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Helleborus/química , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Folhas de Planta/química , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Six new pregnane glycosides, four of them sulfated derivatives, were isolated from small branches of Periploca graeca. The compounds were identified as 16alpha-[(6-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5-en-20-ol-3beta-yl O-(2-O-acetyl-beta-D-digitalopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-beta-D-cymaropyranoside (1), 16alpha-[(6-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5-en-20-ol-3beta-yl O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranoside (2), 16alpha-[(6-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5-en-20-ol-3beta-yl O-beta-D-oleandropyranoside (3), 16alpha-[(6-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5-ene-3beta,20-diol (4), 20-O-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-digitalopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5-en-16beta-ol-3beta-yl O-beta-D-digitalopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-cymaropyranoside (5), and calogenin 3-O-beta-D-digitalopyranoside-20-O-beta-D-canaropyranoside (6). Three pregnane glycosides, previously reported from the genus Periploca, were also isolated. Structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, HRESIMS, elemental analysis, and chemical degradation.
Assuntos
Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Periploca/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Pregnanos/química , Pregnanos/isolamento & purificação , Itália , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Sulfatos/química , Sulfatos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Six new pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a new carboxylic acid, a new phenolic and a new oleanane glycoside, together with the known compounds 7,7'-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8,8'-dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, tormentic acid 28-O-beta- D-glucopyranoside, euscaphic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, euscaphic acid, and allantoin were isolated from Anchusa strigosa roots. Their structures were established by high resolution NMR, MS, elemental analysis, and chemical reactions.