Experiências de professores com o autismo: impacto no diagnóstico precoce e na inclusão escolar / Teachers' experiences with autism: impact on early diagnosis and school inclusion

Objetivou-se compreender como a experiência com o autismo pode impactar na identificação de traços autísticos em alunos pelos professores da Educação Infantil, sob a perspectiva do diagnóstico precoce e da inclusão escolar. A abordagem metodológica foi de cunho qualitativo. Participaram do estudo dez professores de dez Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados segundo análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Evidenciaram-se dois núcleos temáticos: "Conhecimentos, experiências e percepções sobre o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo" e "O professor frente ao aluno com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo e os investimentos para a detecção e inclusão". Concluiu-se que os professores são capazes de identificar sinais de autismo, contribuindo para o diagnóstico precoce e que experiências positivas cooperaram para a acurácia na detecção e para a inclusão escolar. Ações intersetoriais e interprofissionais necessitam ser ampliadas a fim de oportunizar o acolhimento e o cuidado integral.

The objective was to understand how the experience with autism can impact on early childhood teachers' identification of autistic traits in students from the perspective of early diagnosis and school inclusion. The methodological approach was qualitative. Ten teachers from ten Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education located in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to content analysis, thematic modality. Two thematic nuclei emerged: "Knowledge, experiences and perceptions about Autism Spectrum Disorder" and "The teacher before the student with Autism Spectrum Disorder and investments for detection and inclusion". The conclusion was that teachers could identify signs of autism and contribute to early diagnosis, and positive experiences cooperated for accuracy in detection and school inclusion. Intersectoral and interprofessional actions should be expanded in order to provide the opportunity for user embracement and comprehensive care.

Intervenciones antibullying desarrolladas por enfermeros: revisión integradora de la literatura / Intervenções antibullying desenvolvidas por enfermeiros: revisão integrativa da literatura / Antibullying interventions developed by nurses: integrative review

Objetivos: Identificar y describir las intervenciones antibullying realizadas por enfermeros. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en seis bases de datos (CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, PUBMED, SciELO y Web of Science), utilizando en las buscas descriptores relacionados al fenómeno y a la enfermería. La pregunta que orientó la investigación fue: "¿Cuáles son las intervenciones antibullying desarrolladas en escuelas con la participación de enfermeros?". Resultados: Cinco artículos compusieron el corpus de análisis de la revisión. Los resultados indicaron una variedad de enfoques en las intervenciones realizadas (dramatización/teatro, grupo de apoyo, multidimensional y vídeos). Conclusión: La revisión presenta conocimientos que pueden orientar prácticas y programas de intervención antibullying a ser desarrollados por enfermeros o equipos de salud en Brasil (AU)

Objetivos: Identificar e descrever as intervenções antibullying realizadas por enfermeiros. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em seis bases de dados (CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, PUBMED, SciELO e Web of Science), utilizando nas buscas descritores relacionados ao fenômeno e à enfermagem. A questão norteadora da pesquisa foi: "Quais são as intervenções antibullying desenvolvidas em escolas com a participação de enfermeiros?". Resultados: Cinco artigos compuseram o corpus de análise da revisão. Os resultados indicaram uma variedade de enfoques nas intervenções realizadas (dramatização/teatro, grupo de apoio, multidimensional e vídeos). Conclusão: A revisão apresenta conhecimentos que podem orientar práticas e programas de intervenção antibullying a serem desenvolvidas por enfermeiros ou equipes de saúde no Brasil (AU)

Objective: To identify and describe anti bullying interventions developed by nurses. Method: Integrative review conducted in six databases using descriptors related to the phenomenon and nursing. The guiding question was: "What are the anti bullying interventions developed in schools by nurses?" Results: Five papers composed the corpus of analysis. The results indicate a variety of types of interventions (dramatization/role-playing, support group, multidimensional and videos). Conclusions: This review presents knowledge that can support anti bullying practices and intervention programs to be developed by nurses or health teams in Brazil (AU)

Bullying and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of bullying from the victim's perspective in Brazilian school children and to analyze its association with individual and family context variables. METHODS: An analysis of the data on 109,104 adolescents, obtained by the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, held in schools in 2012, was carried out. An association model between bullying and explanatory variables was tested in different contexts: sociodemographic, risk behaviors, mental health and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, calculating the Odds Ratio and confidence intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying found in this study was of 7.2% (95%CI 6.6 - 7.8). A higher chance of bullying was found among male students (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.51 - 1.66), with an inverse relation between age and bullying, with the magnitude of risk among adolescents younger than 13 years of age being higher when compared to those with 16 years of age or more. Of individual risk behaviors, only being a smoker remained in the final model (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.23). Mental health variables associated with bullying were: feeling lonely (OR = 2.66; 95%CI 2.52 - 2.81), insomnia (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.80 - 2.05), not having friends (OR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.54 - 1.89), and, in the family context, those who skip class without telling their parents (OR = 1.13; 95%CI 1,07 - 1,19) and those who suffer physical abuse by family members (OR = 2.03; 95%CI 1.91 - 2.146). CONCLUSION: Bullying was associated to male students, younger, of black color, smokers, with mental health vulnerabilities and victims of domestic violence. This suggests the need for a holistic approach from education and health professionals, parents and the community in seeking measures for the prevention of bullying.

Bullying and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012) / Bullying e fatores associados em adolescentes brasileiros: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of bullying from the victim's perspective in Brazilian school children and to analyze its association with individual and family context variables. METHODS: An analysis of the data on 109,104 adolescents, obtained by the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, held in schools in 2012, was carried out. An association model between bullying and explanatory variables was tested in different contexts: sociodemographic, risk behaviors, mental health and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, calculating the Odds Ratio and confidence intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying found in this study was of 7.2% (95%CI 6.6 - 7.8). A higher chance of bullying was found among male students (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.51 - 1.66), with an inverse relation between age and bullying, with the magnitude of risk among adolescents younger than 13 years of age being higher when compared to those with 16 years of age or more. Of individual risk behaviors, only being a smoker remained in the final model (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.23). Mental health variables associated with bullying were: feeling lonely (OR = 2.66; 95%CI 2.52 - 2.81), insomnia (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.80 - 2.05), not having friends (OR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.54 - 1.89), and, in the family context, those who skip class without telling their parents (OR = 1.13; 95%CI 1,07 - 1,19) and those who suffer physical abuse by family members (OR = 2.03; 95%CI 1.91 - 2.146). CONCLUSION: Bullying was associated to male students, younger, of black color, smokers, with mental health vulnerabilities and victims of domestic violence. This suggests the need for a holistic approach from education and health professionals, parents and the community in seeking measures for the prevention of bullying. .

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de bullying, sob a perspectiva da vítima, em escolares brasileiros e analisar sua associação com variáveis individuais e de contexto familiar. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas informações de 109.104 adolescentes obtidas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), 2012. Foi testado modelo de associação entre o bullying e variáveis explicativas nos seguintes domínios: sociodemográfico, comportamentos de risco, saúde mental e contexto familiar. Foram feitas analises uni e multivariada, calculando-se os odds ratio e respectivos intervalos de confiança. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de bullying foi de 7,2% (IC95% 6,6 - 7,8). Maior chance de bullying foi encontrada entre escolares do sexo masculino (OR = 1,58; IC95% 1,51 - 1,66), com uma relação inversa entre idade e bullying, sendo maior a magnitude do risco entre menores de 13 anos quando comparados aos de 16 ou mais anos. Dos comportamentos de risco individuais, apenas ser fumante se manteve no modelo final (OR = 1,11; IC95% 1,01 - 1,23). As variáveis de saúde mental associadas foram: sentir-se solitário (OR = 2,66; IC95% 2,52 - 2,81), ter insônia (OR = 1,92; IC95% 1,80 - 2,05), não ter amigos (OR = 1,71; IC95% 1,54 - 1,89) e, no contexto familiar os que faltam às aulas sem avisar os pais (OR = 1,13; IC95% 1,07 - 1,19) e relataram sofrer agressão física dos familiares (OR = 2,03; IC95% 1,91 - 2,16). CONCLUSÃO: O bullying mostrou-se associado aos escolares do sexo masculino, mais jovens, de cor preta, fumantes, além daqueles que apresentam vulnerabilidades no campo da saúde mental e de violência doméstica, o que sugere necessidade de uma abordagem holística de profissionais da educação, saúde, pais e comunidade na busca de medidas para sua prevenção. .