Music therapy intervention in cardiac autonomic modulation, anxiety, and depression in mothers of preterms: randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Mothers of preterm infants often have symptoms of anxiety and depression, recognized as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and associated with low rates of heart rate variability (HRV). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of music therapy intervention on the autonomic control of heart rate, anxiety, and depression in mothers. METHODS: Prospective randomized clinical trial including 21 mothers of preterms admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital, recruited from August 2015 to September 2017, and divided into control group (CG; n = 11) and music therapy group (MTG; n = 10). Participants underwent anxiety and depression evaluation, as well as measurements of the intervals between consecutive heartbeats or RR intervals for the analysis of HRV at the first and the last weeks of hospitalization of their preterms. Music therapy sessions lasting 30-45 min were individually delivered weekly using receptive techniques. The mean and standard deviation of variables were obtained and the normality of data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon test were employed to calculate the differences between variables before and after music therapy intervention. The correlations anxiety versus heart variables and depression versus heart variables were established using Spearman correlation test. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the differences between categorical variables. A significance level of p < 0.05 was established. Statistical analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20. RESULTS: Participants in MTG had an average of seven sessions of music therapy, and showed improvement in anxiety and depression scores and autonomic indexes of the time domain (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between depression and parasympathetic modulation using linear (r = - 0.687; p = 0.028) and nonlinear analyses (r = - 0.689; p = 0.027) in MTG. CONCLUSION: Music therapy had a significant and positive impact on anxiety and depression, acting on prevention of cardiovascular diseases, major threats to modern society. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (no. RBR-3x7gz8 ). Retrospectively registered on November 17, 2017.

Ação do licopeno nos músculos esquelético e cardíaco sob estresse oxidativo por exercícios / Action of lycopene on the cardiac and skeletal muscles under oxidative stress by exercises / Acción del licopeno en los músculos cardiaco y esquelético bajo estrés oxidativo por ejercicios

INTRODUÇÃO: Os radicais livres produzidos durante os exercícios podem exceder o sistema de defesa antioxidante, provocando danos oxidativos de biomoléculas específicas. As lesões causadas pelos radicais livres nas células podem ser prevenidas ou reduzidas por meio da atividade de antioxidantes naturais, sendo estes encontrados em muitos alimentos. O licopeno é um dos mais potentes carotenoides com ação antioxidante, sendo utilizado na prevenção da carcinogênese e aterogênese por proteger moléculas como lipídios, lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), proteínas e DNA. OBJETIVO: Investigar a atuação do licopeno a uma possível ação protetora das fibras musculares cardíacas e esqueléticas contra o estresse oxidativo, durante a atividade física exaustiva, a qual provocaria alterações morfológicas nesses tecidos. Método: Na realização dos experimentos foram utilizados 32 ratos machos adultos divididos em quatro grupos, sendo dois grupos controles e dois grupos treinados sem e com suplementação de licopeno (6 mg por animal). Os animais dos grupos treinados foram submetidos a 42 sessões de natação por nove semanas, com sessões diárias de natação, cinco dias por semana, com sobrecarga produzida pelo aumento do tempo de treinamento. A avaliação morfológica foi realizada por meio de lâminas histológicas dos tecidos cardíaco e muscular esquelético. RESULTADOS: Modificações teciduais cardíacas e musculares esqueléticas no grupo treinado sem suplementação com licopeno foram observadas, sendo que o grupo treinado suplementado apresentou aspecto morfológico normal. Nos grupos sedentários controle suplementado e não suplementado não houve alteração ...

INTRODUCTION: Free radicals produced during exercise may exceed the antioxidant defense system, causing oxidative damage to specific biomolecules. The lesions caused by free radicals in cells can be prevented or reduced by natural antioxidants, which are found in many foods. Lycopene is one of the most potent carotenoids with antioxidant properties, and it is used to prevent carcinogenesis and atherogenesis, as it protects molecules such as lipids, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), proteins and DNA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of lycopene as a potential protector of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers against oxidative stress during strenuous exercise, which would cause morphological changes in these tissues. METHODS: The experiments consisted of 32 adult male rats divided into four groups: two control groups and two trained groups with and without lycopene supplementation (6 mg per animal). The animals of the trained groups were subjected to 42 swimming sessions over a nine-week period, involving daily swimming sessions, five days a week, with overload produced by increasing the training time. The morphological analysis was performed using histological slides of cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues. RESULTS: Modifications were observed in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue in the trained group that did not receive lycopene supplementation, while the trained group supplemented with lycopene showed muscle tissue with a normal morphological appearance. The tissues of both supplemented and non supplemented sedentary control groups showed no change in their histological characteristics. CONCLUSION: It can be stated that lycopene exerted a protective effect on cardiac and skeletal muscles against oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise, besides promoting cardiac neovascularization, and can be used efficiently by athletes and physically active individuals. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los radicales libres producidos durante los ejercicios pueden exceder el sistema de defensa antioxidante, provocando daños oxidativos de biomoléculas específicas. Las lesiones causadas por los radicales libres en las células pueden ser prevenidas o reducidas por medio de la actividad de antioxidantes naturales, siendo éstos encontrados en muchos alimentos. El licopeno es uno de los más potentes carotenoides con acción antioxidante, siendo utilizado en la prevención de la carcinogénesis y aterogénesis por proteger moléculas como lípidos, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), proteínas y DNA. OBJETIVO: Investigar la actuación del licopeno a una posible acción protectora de las fibras musculares cardiacas y esqueléticas contra el estrés oxidativo, durante la actividad física exhaustiva, la cual provocaría alteraciones morfológicas en esos tejidos. MÉTODOS: En la realización de los experimentos fueron utilizados 32 ratones machos adultos divididos en cuatro grupos, siendo dos grupos controles y dos grupos entrenados sin y con suplementación de licopeno (6 mg por animal). Los animales de los grupos entrenados fueron sometidos a 42 sesiones de natación por nueve semanas, con sesiones diarias de natación, cinco días por semana, con sobrecarga producida por el aumento del tiempo de entrenamiento. La evaluación morfológica fue realizada por medio de láminas histológicas de los tejidos cardiaco y muscular esquelético. RESULTADOS: Fueron observadas modificaciones tisulares cardiacas y musculares esqueléticas en el grupo entrenado sin suplementación con licopeno, siendo que el grupo entrenado suplementado presentó aspecto morfológico normal. En los grupos sedentarios control suplementado y no suplementado no hubo alteración en relación ...