The effect of food supplements on completely edentulous women rehabilitated with complete dentures: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Neglected oral health is a major issue, especially in women of developing countries, leading to early loss of teeth which may further lead to malnutrition, degradation of overall health, and increased chances of osteoporosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of food supplement on masticatory performance, nutritional status, electromyography (EMG) (masseter and temporalis), and bone mineral density (BMD) among women rehabilitated with complete denture. Settings and Design: Hospital based randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial with 106 women of 45-65 years rehabilitated with complete denture (56 received food supplement and 50 did not receive food supplement) and 52 healthy control was conducted. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months of follow up (after complete denture fabrication). Outcomes were measured via masticatory performance, nutritional status (hemoglobin, serum calcium, albumin, and Vitamin D level), EMG of masseter and temporalis muscles, and BMD. Statistical Analysis Used: Friedman's analysis of variance test was used as a nonparametric test, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 at a significance level of 0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A statistically significant change was observed during follow up for the group with food supplement for BMD, EMG, and masticatory performance. When biochemical parameters were assessed during follow up, no statistically significant change was observed for both groups (with and without food supplement), except for serum calcium level in group which received food supplement. Conclusion: It was found that the magnitude of effect was remarkably meager in food supplement group which could be perhaps due to less time given for follow up period. Longer duration of trials would yield better results.

Bacterial and archaeal diversity in oil fields and reservoirs and their potential role in hydrocarbon recovery and bioprospecting.

Hydrocarbon is a primary source of energy in the current urbanized society. Considering the increasing demand, worldwide oil productions are declining due to maturity of oil fields and because of difficulty in discovering new oil fields to substitute the exploited ones. To meet current and future energy demands, further exploitation of oil resources is highly required. Microorganisms inhabiting in these areas exhibit highly diverse catabolic activities to degrade, transform, or accumulate various hydrocarbons. Enrichment of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria in oil basin is caused by continuous long duration and low molecular weight hydrocarbon microseepage which plays a very important role as an indicator for petroleum prospecting. The important microbial metabolic processes in most of the oil reservoir are sulfate reduction, fermentation, acetogenesis, methanogenesis, NO3- reduction, and Fe (III) and Mn (IV) reduction. The microorganisms residing in these sites have critical control on petroleum composition, recovery, and production methods. Physical characteristics of heavy oil are altered by microbial biotransformation and biosurfactant production. Considering oil to be one of the most vital energy resources, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of petroleum microbiology. This manuscript reviews the recent research work referring to the diversity of bacteria in oil field and reservoir sites and their applications for enhancing oil transformation in the target reservoir and geomicrobial prospecting scope for petroleum exploration.