Chemical composition and cardiotropic activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f. is a subshrub that is widely distributed in China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The species is used in traditional medicine for the relief of symptoms connected to cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease or hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY: was to validate traditional use of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana for the treatment of coronary hearth diseases using in vivo models and to find active compounds responsible for the activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana using maceration, liquid-liquid extraction, CO2 extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Preliminary screening studies for the evaluation of the efficacy of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana extracts on the model of hemic hypoxia were performed. The most effective samples were selected and included in the main study. Stage 2 of the study evaluated the cardiotropic activity of the selected extracts on a model of chronic heart failure. Preparations were administered to animals intragastrically once a day for 28 days. For the isolation of individual compounds plant material was extracted with 96% ethanol. The obtained crude extract was sequentially extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane and separated by chromatography on a Diaion HP-20 column. The obtained fractions were further subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and eluted isocratically with 96% ethanol (EtOH) to yield subfractions, which were further separated by preparative HPLC to obtain 13 individual compounds. RESULTS: Extracts obtained from Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f. herb were subjected to pharmacological screening for the evaluation of their efficacy on hemic hypoxia. Based on the obtained results, out of the sixteen tested extracts two (AR and US 60%) were selected for further evaluation of their cardiotropic activity. Modeling of chronic heart failure was carried out in accordance with the following stages: 1) anesthesia with chloral hydrate at a dose of 450 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 2) artificial ventilation of the lungs, 3) thoracotomy, 4) modeling of permanent ischemic or ischemic-reperfusion damage. Both extracts effected the indicators of contraction and output, comparable to the reference drug - Monopril. Based on the extraction methods used to obtain RAF and US60 and data from the literature, it can be assumed that they contain compounds with medium polarity, including polyphenols and terpenoids. At the next stage three previously undescribed monoterpenoid derivatives - Ziziphoric acid (1), Ziziphoroside D (2) and 6'-malonylziziphoroside A (3), along with two previously described megastigmane glucosides - blumenol C glucoside (4), blumenol C 9-O-(6'-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) and two previously described monoterpenoids 7a-hydroxymintlactone (6), 7-hydroxypiperitone (7) together with six polyphenols - pinocembrine-7-O-rutinoside (8), chrysine-7-O-rutinoside (9), acacetin-7-O-rutinoside (10), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (11), rutin (12) and rosmarinic acid (13) were isolated from Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana extracts. CONCLUSION: Our results support the traditional use of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana for the treatment of coronary diseases. As a result of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana extracts screening in vivo, two extracts were selected as potential cardiotropic agents. Phytochemical analysis of the plant material led to the isolation of five terpenoid derivatives, two megastigmane glycosides, five flavonoids and one cinnamic acid derivative, which could be responsible for the reported biological activity. Future experiments are required to understand the mechanisms of action for the isolated compounds.

[Ozone therapy in treatment of local sluggish suppurative inflammation of maxillofacial soft tissues]. / Kompleksnaia ozonoterapiia ogranichennogo vialotekushchego gnoinogo vospaleniia miagkikh tkanei cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Combined local and general ozone therapy was used in 30 patients with local sluggish pyoinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial soft tissues. The results were compared to those in 33 patients administered no ozone therapy. Ozone therapy decreased the duration of treatment more than 2-fold due to antibacterial effect and stimulation of nonspecific and immunological reactivity. Lack of obvious contraindications and selective activity and universal immunocorrective effect recommend ozone therapy for wide use in this patient population irrespective of the type of inflammatory reaction.

[Role of phagocytosis activation in the mechanism of therapeutic effect of medical ozone in patients with sluggish purulent inflammations of maxillofacial soft tissues]. / Rol' aktivatsii fagotsitoza v mekhanizme lechebnogo deistviia meditsinskogo ozona u bol'nykh s vialotekushchimi gnoinymi vospalitel'nymi protsessami miagkikh tkanei cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Sixty-three patients with local sluggish suppurative inflammations of maxillofacial soft tissues were examined. Medical ozone was added to the treatment protocols of 30 of these patients. Before treatment peripheral blood leukocyte phagocytic activity was decreased in 54 patients, which corresponded to clinical form of a sluggish inflammation. Traditional therapy did not appreciably change the level of phagocytosis. Addition of medical ozone exposure to therapy promoted normalization of leukocyte phagocytic activity and accelerated liquidation of inflammation.

[The characteristics of the geroprotective action of magnetotherapy in elderly patients with combined cardiovascular pathology]. / Osobennosti geroprotektornogo deistviia magnitoterapii u pozhilykh bol'nykh s sochetannoi serdechno-sosudistoi patologiei.

Central hemodynamics, diastolic and pumping functions of the heart, myocardial reactivity, microcirculation and biological age of cardiovascular system were studied in 66 elderly patients suffering from hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The patients received systemic magnetotherapy which produced a geroprotective effect as shown by improved microcirculation, myocardial reactivity, central hemodynamics reducing biological age of cardiovascular system and inhibiting its ageing.