A Simple UV Spectrophotometric Method Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform and Multivariate Calibration Model for the Concurrent Analysis of Three Water-Soluble Vitamins in Fertility Supplements.

BACKGROUND: Owing to the presence of overlapping spectra in pharmaceutical components, classical spectrophotometry is hard for concurrent determination. The advance of chemometrics along with UV-Vis spectrophotometry has contributed to solving this problem. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a fast, easy, precise, accurate, low-cost, and eco-friendly spectrophotometric technique was introduced and validated for the simultaneous analysis of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin C in fertility supplements for men and women using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and partial least squares (PLS) techniques without using time-consuming extraction process and organic solvents. METHOD: In the CWT method, the zero-crossing technique was applied to obtain the optimum points for plotting calibration curves for each component. The validation of both methods was evaluated by analyzing several mixtures with different concentrations. The efficiency of the proposed methods was also surveyed on commercial capsules. RESULTS: Wavelet families, including Symlet (sym2) at 230, Biorthogonal (bior1.3) at 378 nm, and Daubechies (db2) at 261, were considered for vitamins B6, B12, and C, respectively. The linear range was found to be 8-20, 8-20, and 10-25 µg/mL with the coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.9982, 0.9978, and 0.9701 for B6, B12, and C, respectively. Low limit of detection (LOD) (<0.09 µg/mL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) <0.9 µg/mL were achieved. The mean recovery values in synthetic mixtures were from 98.38 to 98.89% and from 99.83 to 99.99%, where root-mean-square error (RMSE) of not more than 0.4 and 0.05 using the CWT and PLS methods, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results from the commercial capsules, applying the suggested techniques, were compared to those yielded by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. According to the results, there are no significant differences, and they were in good agreement. According to all the mentioned cases, the proposed approaches can replace the time-consuming and costly HPLC method in quality control laboratories. HIGHLIGHTS: Green spectrophotometry coupling chemometrics methods were proposed. Simultaneous determination of three water-soluble vitamins in fertility supplements was done using these approaches. Rapidity, simplicity, low cost, and accuracy are the benefits of the proposed methods. A HPLC technique was used as a reference method to compare with the chemometrics methods.

Preparation and modification of forcespun polypropylene nanofibers for adsorption of uranium (VI) from simulated seawater.

In this paper, polypropylene (PP) nanofibers were prepared using the melt forcespinning technology by a handmade device. Then, the surface of PP nanofibers was grafted through the high energy electron beams (EB) pre-irradiation method by acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid monomers with grafting percentage of 145.55%. The 92% of grafted cyano functional groups on nanofibers were converted to amidoxime groups, then modified by an alkaline solution. Characterization and surface morphology of nanofibers were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced adsorbent was used to adsorb U(VI) ions from simulated seawater. The maximum adsorption was 83.24 mg/g in the optimal time of 60 min and optimal pH of 4. The optimum desorption efficiency was 80% in HCl 0.5 M. The kinetic data in optimum conditions showed that the adsorption followed an S-shaped kinetic model. The Adsorption equilibrium studies presented S-shape isotherm model that confirmed the adsorption occurs both on the adsorbent surface and in its pores The thermodynamic studies indicated spontaneous adsorption of uranyl ions and the higher efficiency adsorption at higher temperatures. The selectivity of adsorbent for metal ions followed the order V(V)>U(VI)>CO(II)>Ni(II)>Fe(II). These results shows that the prepared and modified nanofibers in this work can be considered as an effective and promising adsorbents for removal of uranium ions from seawater with high efficiency.

Optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction of fatty acids from Aesculus hippocastanum fruit by response surface methodology.

The effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Aesculus hippocastanum fruit oil was investigated using methanol as a solvent. The study compared extraction yields using UAE and methanol with soxhlet. The effects of three extraction parameters, namely temperature, time and the ratio of solvent (volume) to plant material (weight) were optimized using both a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The highest extraction yields were obtained for UAE at 60 °C and 56.5 min with a ratio of solvent to plant material weight of 45:1. The extraction yield using UAE varied by 21.82% (w/ w) but was, regardless, significantly greater than Soxhlet extraction.

The application of continuous wavelet transform and least squares support vector machine for the simultaneous quantitative spectrophotometric determination of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin as flavonoids in pharmaceutical plants.

Flavonoids are γ-benzopyrone derivatives, which are highly regarded in these researchers for their antioxidant property. In this study, two new signals processing methods been coupled with UV spectroscopy for spectral resolution and simultaneous quantitative determination of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin as flavonoids in Laurel, St. John's Wort and Green Tea without the need for any previous separation procedure. The developed methods are continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) methods integrated with UV spectroscopy individually. Different wavelet families were tested by CWT method and finally the Daubechies wavelet family (Db4) for Myricetin and the Gaussian wavelet families for Kaempferol (Gaus3) and Quercetin (Gaus7) were selected and applied for simultaneous analysis under the optimal conditions. The LS-SVM was applied to build the flavonoids prediction model based on absorption spectra. The root mean square errors for prediction (RMSEP) of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin were 0.0552, 0.0275 and 0.0374, respectively. The developed methods were validated by the analysis of the various synthetic mixtures associated with a well- known flavonoid contents. Mean recovery values of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin, in CWT method were 100.123, 100.253, 100.439 and in LS-SVM method were 99.94, 99.81 and 99.682, respectively. The results achieved by analyzing the real samples from the CWT and LS-SVM methods were compared to the HPLC reference method and the results were very close to the reference method. Meanwhile, the obtained results of the one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test revealed that there was no significant difference between the suggested methods.