RESUMO
Questions of saving of the patient's blood and limitation of the use of donated blood in the aortic surgery remain relevant in contrast with interventions on the valves of the heart and coronary arteries. In this regard, the aim of the study was to develop and introduce ofcomplex of technologies for saving the patient's blood in order to minimize transfusion of donor blood components during operations on the ascending aorta and aortic arch under hypothermic arrest. The study included 37 patients operated on the ascending aorta and aortic arch under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic cardiac arrest (CA) in 2013-2014 (Group 1). 2nd group consisted of 65 patients who at the same time performed reconstructive surgery on the ascending aorta with CBP without stopping the blood circulation. The comparative aspect studied the following parameters: duration of the CBP, CA, temperature, volume of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, frequency of use of donor blood components autoplasma, washed red blood cells, autologous blood, hemostatic agents, the frequency resternotomy, hematocrit dynamics, glucose, and blood lactate. Comparative studies have shown that the amount of intraoperative blood loss during operations on the aortic arch under the CA was 1294 ± 303 mL, 20% higher than the blood loss during operations on the ascending aorta without CA. Program of saving of the blood of patients with aortic disease included preoperative preparation of autoplasma in 60% of patients, intraoperative collection and laundering of autoerythrocytes in 40-70% of patients and autotransfusion modified method, the improvement of surgical and pharmacological hemostasis and monitoring. Design and implementation of these methods reduced the patients need for donor red blood cells (from 76 to 47%), fresh frozen plasma (from 65 to 35%) during the operation at the aortic arch and the ascending aorta and to completely avoid the use of donor blood in 25% of patients. Proof of the adequacy of the developed strategy of conservation and limitation of the patient's blood was allogeneic blood conservation targets hemoglobin, hematocrit levels and metabolism at the end of the operation.