RESUMO
To examine the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT) extract on the expressions of antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus at 5 min after inducing transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in gerbils, TGCI was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 5 min. Before ischemic surgery, 200 mg·kg-1 PT extract was orally administrated once daily for 7 d. We performed neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B staining. Furthermore, we determined in situ production of superoxide anion radical, expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2 as antioxidant enzymes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as neurotrophic factors. Pretreatment with 200 mg·kg-1 PT extract prevented neuronal death (loss). Furthermore, pretreatment with 200 mg·kg-1 PT extract significantly inhibited the production of superoxide anion radical, increased expressions of SODs and maintained expressions of BDNF and IGF-I. Such increased expressions of SODs were maintained in the neurons after IRI. In summary, pretreated PT extract can significantly increase levels of SODs and protect the neurons against TGCI, suggesting that PT can be a useful natural agent to protect against TGCI.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Região CA1 Hipocampal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Populus/química , Células Piramidais/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Região CA1 Hipocampal/metabolismo , Gerbillinae , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Células Piramidais/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/genética , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In recent years, the use of botanical agents to prevent skin damage from solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has received considerable attention. Oenanthe javanica is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study investigated photoprotective properties of an Oenanthe javanica extract (OJE) against UVB-induced skin damage in ICR mice. The extent of skin damage was evaluated in three groups: control mice with no UVB, UVB-exposed mice treated with vehicle (saline), and UVB-exposed mice treated with 1% extract. Photoprotective properties were assessed in the dorsal skin using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting to analyze the epidermal thickness, collagen expression, and mRNA and protein levels of type I collagen, type III collagen, and interstitial collagenases, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3. In addition, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein levels were also assessed. In the UVB-exposed mice treated with extract, UV-induced epidermal damage was significantly ameliorated. In this group, productions of collagen types I and III were increased, and expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were decreased. In addition, TNF-α and COX-2 expressions were reduced. Based on these findings, we conclude that OJE displays photoprotective effects against UVB-induced collagen disruption and inflammation and suggest that Oenanthe javanica can be used as a natural product for the treatment of photodamaged skin.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Oenanthe/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Animais , Biomarcadores , Biópsia , Dermatite/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite/etiologia , Dermatite/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Expressão Gênica , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Substâncias Protetoras/químicaRESUMO
(1) Background: By 2050, it is estimated that 130 million people will be diagnosed with dementia, and currently approved medicines only slow the progression. So preventive intervention is important to treat dementia. Mild cognitive impairment is a condition characterized by some deterioration in cognitive function and increased risk of progressing to dementia. Therefore, the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a possible way to prevent dementia. Angelica gigas reduces neuroinflammation, improves circulation, and inhibits cholinesterase, which can be effective in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia and the progression of mild cognitive impairment. (2) Methods: Angelica gigas (AG) extract 1 mg/kg was administered to mildly cognitive impaired mice, models based on mild traumatic brain injury and chronic mild stress. Then, spatial, working, and object recognition and fear memory were measured. (3) Result: Angelica gigas improved spatial learning, working memory, and suppressed fear memory in the mild traumatic brain injury model. It also improved spatial learning and suppressed cued fear memory in the chronic mild stress model animals. (4) Conclusions: Angelica gigas can improve cognitive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment model mice.