Oleanolic Acid Inhibiting the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells into Astrocyte by Down-Regulating JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway.

To investigate the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by A[Formula: see text] via regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, a neurotoxicity cell model involving the induction of NSCs by soluble A[Formula: see text] (5 [Formula: see text]M) was used. The WST-1 method and immunofluorescence tests were used respectively to detect the activity of cell model and the expression of GFAP[Formula: see text]/DAPI and Tubulin[Formula: see text]/DAPI. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses were used to observe the effects of OA on NSCs differentiation by examining key targets of the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway. Compared with normal NSCs, A[Formula: see text]-induced NSCs had down-regulated expression of Ngn1 and up-regulated STAT3 expression and phosphorylation, and inhibited neuronal differentiation. OA treatment effectively inhibited the A[Formula: see text]-induced activation of JAK/STAT signaling, with a significant increase in Ngn1 expression and a significant decrease in p-STAT3/STAT3. These results indicate that OA could inhibit the excessive differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes by down-regulating JAK/STAT signaling which might retard the progress of AD.

Traditional Chinese medicine's intervention in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and nitric oxide synthesis in cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most dangerous diseases which has become a major cause of human death. Many researches evidenced that nitric oxide (NO)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of CVD. NO, an important signaling molecule, closely associated with the regulation of vasodilatation, blood rheology, blood clotting and other physiological and pathological processes. The synthesis of NO in the endothelial cells primarily depends on the eNOS activity, thus the exploration of the mechanisms and effects of the eNOS activation on NO production is of great significance. Recently, studies on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its extracts on eNOS activation and NO synthesis have gradually attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of NO synthesis and eNOS activation in the vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and intervention of TCM, so as to provide reference and train of thought to the intensive study of NO/eNOS system and the research and development of new drug for the treatment of CVD.

[Effective Components of three kinds of shen-supplementing Chinese medicine on self-renewal and neuron-like differentiation of NSCs in AD mouse embryos: an experimental research].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the regulatory effects of psoralen, oleanolic acid, and stilbene glucoside, three active components of psoralea fruit, glossy privet fruit and tuber fleeceflower root respectively, on Aß25-35induced self-renewal and neuron-like differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). METHODS: Embryonic NSCs werein vitro isolated and cultured from Kunming mice of 14-day pregnancy, and randomly divided into the control group, the Aß25-35 group, the Aß25-35 +psoralen group, the Aß25-35 +oleanolic acid group, and the Aß25-35 + stilbene glucoside group. The intervention concentration of Aß25-35 was 25 µmol/L, and the intervention concentration of three active components of Chinese medicine was 10(-7)mol/L. The effect of three active components of Chinese medicine on the proliferation of NSCs was observed by counting method. The protein expression of Tubulin was observed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The ratio of Tubulin+/DAPI was caculated. Results Compared with the control group, the sperical morphology of NSCs was destroyed in the Aß25-35 group, the counting of NSCs, the expression of Tubulin protein, and the ratio of Tubulin /DAPI all decreased (P <0.01, P <0.05). Compared with the Aß25-35 group, the counting of NSCs, the expression of Tubulin protein, and the ratio of Tubulin + /DAPI all increased in the three Chinese medicine treated groups (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: 25 µmol/L Aß25-35 could inhibit self-renewal and neuron-like differentiating of NSCs. But psoralen, oleanolic acid, and stilbene glucoside could promote self-renewal of NSCs and neuron-like differentiation.