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1.
Rev. Esp. Cir. Ortop. Traumatol. (Ed. Impr.) ; 61(5): 289-295, sept.-oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166047

RESUMO

Objetivo. Estudiar la efectividad del ácido tranexámico como método para disminuir el sangrado perioperatorio en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total primaria de cadera, así como su seguridad. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y controlado sobre la eficacia del ácido tranexámico como método para disminuir el sangrado en cirugía protésica primaria de cadera. Se han incluido 134 pacientes intervenidos durante el año 2014 en nuestro centro, los cuales se han dividido en 2 grupos según se le ha administrado o no ácido tranexámico. Las variables principales del estudio fueron los niveles de hemoglobina y hematocrito posquirúrgicos a las 24horas, la cantidad de sangre recogida en el drenaje postoperatorio a las 12, 24 y 48horas, así como las necesidades transfusionales. Resultados. Los niveles de hemoglobina y hematocrito posquirúrgicos fueron estadísticamente superiores (p<0,001) en el grupo al que se le administró ácido tranexámico. En las primeras 48horas los valores de sangrado del grupo control fueron mayores con respecto a los pacientes tratados con ácido tranexámico. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,001) en cuanto a la necesidad de transfusión en función del grupo, siendo superior en el grupo control (25,37% frente a 4,48% del grupo tratado). No se registraron eventos adversos relacionados con la administración de ácido tranexámico. Conclusiones. La administración de ácido tranexámico ha demostrado ser un método efectivo y seguro para disminuir el sangrado perioperatorio en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total primaria de cadera, y así disminuir las necesidades transfusionales (AU)


Objective. To study the efficacy of tranexamic acid to decrease perioperative bleeding in patients who have undergone a total hip arthroplasty operation and to evaluate drug safety. Material and methods. Observational, prospective, controlled and randomized study on the efficacy of tranexamic acid as a method to reduce bleeding in primary hip replacement surgery. We included 134 patients operated during 2014 in our centre, who were divided into 2 groups according to whether or not they had received tranexamic acid. The main study variables were haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, the amount of blood collected from the post-operative drain in the first 12, 24 and 48hours and transfusion requirements. Results. Post-operative haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were statistically higher (P<.001) in the group with treatment. During the first 48hours bleeding values from the group that did not receive TAX were higher compared to patients treated with tranexamic acid. Statistically significant differences (P=.001) were found as to the need for transfusion according to group, more transfusions were performed in the cohort that had not received tranexamic acid: 25.37% compared to 4.48% for the group with tranexamic acid. No adverse events related to administration of tranexamic acid were recorded. Conclusions. Administration of tranexamic acid has proved to be an effective and safe method to reduce peri-operative bleeding in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty and avoids allogenic blood transfusion. Therefore, tranexamic acid treatment could entail a financial saving for the healthcare system and expose the patient to less risk (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Dose Única/métodos , Ácido Tranexâmico/administração & dosagem , Transfusão de Sangue/instrumentação , Osteoartrite do Quadril/diagnóstico , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/complicações , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
2.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 33(9): 1497-503, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24718613

RESUMO

Trichosporon asahii has been recognized as an emerging opportunistic agent for invasive infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Urinary tract infections by this pathogen may also occur, especially in patients with urinary obstruction or those undergoing vesical catheterization and antibiotic treatment. Many outbreaks of Trichosporon spp. have been detected after urinary catheter manipulations. We report the molecular-epidemiological characterization of T. asahii in our institution using the DiversiLab system for the molecular strain typing and compare three different methods for susceptibility testing. Our results present T. asahii as an emergent pathogen in elderly patients with urinary drainage devices that can be adequately treated with triazoles, with voriconazole being the most active. Broth dilution and Vitek 2 had good concordance, while Etest showed more discrepancies. In addition, the DiversiLab system for clonal strain typing may be a useful tool for fast and accurate management of nosocomial outbreaks.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Trichosporon/classificação , Trichosporon/isolamento & purificação , Tricosporonose/epidemiologia , Tricosporonose/microbiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Triazóis/farmacologia , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Trichosporon/efeitos dos fármacos , Trichosporon/genética , Tricosporonose/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia
4.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 60(8): 440-7, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23829945

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experience and anesthetic management in the transcatheter implantation of the CoreValve(®) self-expanding aortic valve, in a university tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational analytical review of data incorporated into a prospectively maintained database of 142 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis who underwent implantation of a CoreValve(®) aortic self-expanding aortic valve between December 2007 and December 2012. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 82.5±6.1 years and the logistic EuroSCORE was 14.9±11.2. General anesthesia was used in 107 patients (75.3%), with local anesthesia with sedation in 35 (24.6%). Local anesthesia and sedation was associated with a lower requirement of vasoactive drugs (P=.003) during implantation. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 anesthetic techniques in the duration of the procedure, hospital stay, or morbimortality. The success rate was 97.1%. The most common complication was conduction disorders that required implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 46 patients (32.3%). There was no intraoperative mortality, and all-cause mortality at 30 days was 6.3%, with a one-year survival estimated by the Kaplan-Meier of 83.1%. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that in patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk, transcatheter implantation of aortic valve is a safe and effective alternative. Both, general anesthesia and local anesthesia with sedation are valid options, depending on the experience of the team.


Assuntos
Anestesia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestesia Local , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese
5.
Bull Cancer ; 97(2): 245-54, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19819776

RESUMO

Secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) occurring after breast cancer is a rare long-term complication of the chemo- and/or radiation therapy required to treat breast cancer. The usually recognized curative option of these secondary AML includes courses of anthracycline-based chemotherapy followed by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Cardiac dysfunction during AML treatment of these patients previously treated with anthracyclines for breast cancer has not been reported to date. We evaluated the evolution of cardiac function in seven patients treated with anthracyclines and/or autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for secondary AML occurring after breast cancer. All of the patients who received a cumulative anthracycline dose above the cardiac toxicity threshold developed cardiac symptoms during AML chemotherapy courses. Moreover, four of the five transplanted patients developed severe heart failure among which two were fatal. Thus, the risk of severe cardiac dysfunction after treatment of secondary AML following breast cancer must be taken in account as part of the therapeutic strategy of those patients. As discussed here, an accurate evaluation of risk factors, the use of sensitive detection tests and of cardioprotective drugs as well as that of non-cardiotoxic chemotherapy might decrease the occurrence and severity of this life-threatening complication.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Mieloide/terapia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/terapia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Daunorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Daunorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Epirubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de Remissão , Volume Sistólico/efeitos dos fármacos , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia
6.
Environ Sci Technol ; 42(20): 7670-5, 2008 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18983091

RESUMO

Copper catalysts prepared using four supports (Mg- and Sr-modified Al2O3 and MgTiO3 and SrTiO3 perovskites) have been tested for soot oxidation by 02 and NOx/O2. Among the catalysts studied, Cu/SrTiO3 is the most active for soot oxidation by NOx/O2 and the support affects positively copper activity. With this catalyst, and under the experimental conditions used, the soot combustion by NOx/O2 presents a considerable rate from 500 degrees C (100 degrees C below the uncatalysed reaction). The Cu/ SrTiO3 catalyst is also the most effective for NOx chemisorption around 425 degrees C. The best activity of Cu/SrTiO3 can be attributed to the improved redox properties of copper originated by Cu-support interactions. This seems to be related to the presence of weakly bound oxygen on this sample. The copper species present in the catalyst Cu/SrTiO3 can be reduced more easily than those in other supports, and for this reason, this catalyst seems to be the most effective to convert NO into NO2, which explains its highest activity for soot oxidation.


Assuntos
Óxido de Alumínio/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Cobre/química , Óxidos/química , Fuligem/química , Titânio/química , Catálise , Cicloexanóis/química , Hidrogênio/química , Nitratos/química , Óxido Nítrico/química , Oxirredução , Oxigênio/química , Análise Espectral , Temperatura
7.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 15(2): 67-74, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-491808

RESUMO

No está claro si el consumo de café afecta la presión arterial y los niveles de homocisteína. El objetivo fue determinar el cambio en las concentraciones plasmáticas de homocisteína y presión arterial en un grupo de voluntarios sanos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, clínico controlado, en el que se conformaron cuatro grupos de 29 sujetos cada uno, quienes, durante un período de seis semanas, se sometieron al consumo diario de café filtrado. El grupo 1 no consumió café, el grupo 2 consumió 200 mL de café, el grupo 3 400 mL y el 4 600 mL. Antes de la intervención se midieron: presión arterial, homocisteína, índice arterial, ácido fólico eritrocitario y vitaminas B12 y B6. Al final de la intervención, se tomó la presión arterial y se midió la concentración de homocisteína. Los resultados mostraron grupos sin diferencias significativas en las condiciones basales. Después de la intervención, el cambio en los valores de homocisteína entre los grupos, no mostró diferencia significativa y permanecieron dentro de los valores de referencia (p = 0,098). El cambio en los niveles de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, no fue significativo (p=0,510 y 0,430 respectivamente). En conclusión, el consumo de diferentes dosis de café filtrado, no mostró cambios significativos en los niveles séricos de homocisteína como tampoco en los niveles de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en un grupo de sujetos sanos normotensos; en el grupo que se abstuvo de tomar café, no disminuyeron de manera significativa los niveles de homocisteína y presión arterial.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Café , Homocisteína
9.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 33(2): 199-205, 2003 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12580912

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic alcoholism is associated with increased total serum IgE levels. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between alcohol intake and both total serum IgE levels and allergic sensitization in a general adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 720 subjects was randomly selected (stratified by age) from the population older than 18 years of A-Estrada (Spain) and invited to participate in the study. From 697 eligible subjects, 469 (67%, median age 54 years, range 18 to 92 years, 44% males, 75% of cases from a rural environment) agreed to participate. A battery of 13 skin prick tests to common aeroallergens was performed in all subjects. Cases with at least one positive test (n = 121, 26%) were considered to have allergic sensitization. The most frequent sensitisers were mites and pollens (24% and 10% of subjects, respectively). Total serum IgE was measured in 465 subjects (99%). Alcohol consumption was registered as the number of standard (approximately 10 g) drinking units habitually consumed per week. A total of 244 subjects (52%) were alcohol consumers (median intake, 14 units/week, range 1 to 147 units/week). Abstainers (n = 225, 48%) constituted the reference category. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption of more than 14 units/week was associated with an increase in serum IgE levels after adjusting for age, gender, allergic sensitization and smoking (P = 0.02). Alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with either overall allergic sensitization or mite sensitization after adjusting for age, gender and smoking. However, alcohol consumption of more than 14 units/week was associated with an increased prevalence of pollen sensitization (adjusted OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.19 to 8.34, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption above a certain threshold is associated with an increase in total serum IgE levels. Alcohol consumption may also be associated with an increased prevalence of pollen sensitization.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Etanol/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácaros/imunologia , Pólen/imunologia , Fatores de Risco , Testes Cutâneos
10.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol ; 27(1): 5-10, 2001 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11598804

RESUMO

The capacity of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to support exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis was investigated. Carbon source concentration, nitrogen supplementation, and other nutritional and environmental factors were optimized to obtain maximal EPS recovery. Higher EPS yields were obtained in nitrogen-free media amended with 20-30 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. In general, modifications in inorganic salt concentration did not alter EPS production, except in the case of magnesium ions. Increased levels of this cation were correlated to greater EPS yields. Production was strongly influenced by certain environmental factors. Optimal values of 34 degrees C, 80 rpm and neutral or slightly basic conditions were selected. Under these conditions, more than 25% of the carbon source supplied was converted to EPS and the production was improved about 42% in comparison to that observed in the initial media.


Assuntos
Azotobacter vinelandii/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Azotobacter vinelandii/metabolismo , Parabenos/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/biossíntese , Carbono/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Temperatura
11.
J Am Diet Assoc ; 101(12): 1447-52, 2001 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11762740

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine if ingestion of 2 doses of milk-based dietary supplements produce gaseous symptoms in subjects who malabsorb lactose. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, crossover trial. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Ten community-based subjects who malabsorb lactose. INTERVENTION: Ingestion of 2 standard servings of milk-based supplements (a powder reconstituted in fat-free milk or a ready-to-drink preparation) or low-lactose control preparations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of flatus passage and subjective impression of bloating, flatulence, and abdominal discomfort. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The high lactose content (27 g) of 2 servings of the powder-based supplement ingested without other food resulted in a marked increase in daily flatus passages from the basal level of 9.7+/-8.2 to 30+/-14 (mean+/-SD), and a significant increase in the subjects' perception of gas. In contrast, the lower lactose content (18.4 g) of 2 servings of a ready-to-drink supplement resulted in a flatus frequency of 17+/-10 (P=.14 vs baseline) and no significant increase in the perception of increased gas. Neither supplement resulted in a significant increase in bloating, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. The lactose content of the liquid supplement was reduced by 80% following overnight incubation with an over-the-counter lactase preparation. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Persons who malabsorb lactose should be aware that sizable increases in rectal gas commonly occur when milk-based powders reconstituted in milk are used as meal replacements. In contrast, gas problems probably will be minor following ingestion of 2 doses of a ready-to-drink, milk-based supplement. The lactose content of these supplements can be markedly reduced by overnight incubation with over-the-counter lactase preparations, and this manipulation should be beneficial for subjects troubled by the increased gas caused by the consumption of lactose-containing supplements.


Assuntos
Flatulência/etiologia , Alimentos Formulados/efeitos adversos , Intolerância à Lactose/fisiopatologia , Lactose/metabolismo , beta-Galactosidase/administração & dosagem , Dor Abdominal , Adulto , Animais , Testes Respiratórios , Estudos Cross-Over , Dieta Redutora/métodos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactase , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leite/metabolismo , Glycine max/metabolismo , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
12.
Am J Physiol ; 276(2): G425-30, 1999 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9950816

RESUMO

Utilizing the sulfur-containing gases of garlic as probes, we investigated the gut versus mouth origin of odoriferous breath gases. Five individuals ingested 6 g of garlic, and sulfur gases in mouth, alveolar air, and urine samples were measured. The mouth normally contained low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide. Immediately after garlic ingestion, transient high concentrations of methanethiol and allyl mercaptan and lesser concentrations of allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl disulfide, and allyl disulfide were observed. With the exception of AMS, all gases were present in far greater concentrations in mouth than alveolar air, indicating an oral origin. Only AMS was of gut origin as evidenced by similar partial pressures in mouth, alveolar air, and urine. After 3 h, AMS was the predominant breath sulfur gas. The unique derivation of AMS from the gut is attributable to the lack of gut and liver metabolism of this gas versus the rapid metabolism of the other gases. Breath odor after garlic ingestion initially originates from the mouth and subsequently from the gut.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Alho , Halitose/etiologia , Intestinos/fisiologia , Boca/fisiologia , Plantas Medicinais , Adulto , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Feminino , Gases , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Boca/metabolismo , Concentração Osmolar , Alvéolos Pulmonares/fisiologia , Compostos de Enxofre/metabolismo , Compostos de Enxofre/urina
13.
La Habana; s.n; 1999. 4 p. ilus, tab.
Não convencional em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-16406

RESUMO

Se presenta el estudio de 6 pacientes lesionados medulares ingresados en el CIREN durante los meses de mayo y junio de 1998, todos tenían una vejiga hiperrefléctica por lesión suprasegmentaria y algunos tenían tratamiento con antiespásticos y anticolinérgicos. El objetivo fundamental del trabajo estaba dirigido a introducir el empleo de la electroestimulación perineal del nervio pudendo como una variante terapéutica más para el tratamiento de la vejiga neurogénica. Se les aplicó electroestímulo perineal para el nervio pudendo con plug anal o electrodos vaginales con corriente bifásica simétrica de 50 Hz, de 10 segundos de duración y 20 segundos de intervalo. Todos sintieron satisfacción del método empleado y mejoraron clínicamente los escapes aunque no pudo valorarse la capacidad vesical por el escaso número de pacientes. No presentaron complicaciones con el método empleado. Se considera que debe aumentarse la casuística para dar conclusiones sobre la efectividad en vejiga aunque se puede emplear como terapéutica porque no ofrece complicaciones(AU)


Assuntos
Estimulação Elétrica , Bexiga Urinaria Neurogênica , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/reabilitação
14.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 68(5): 1118-22, 1998 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9808231

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A National Institutes of Health consensus conference concluded that a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg reduces the severity of osteoporosis. Because dairy products are the main natural source of dietary calcium, a diet providing 1500 mg Ca must contain large quantities of dairy products. However, it is widely believed that the lactose content of these products will not be tolerated by persons with lactose maldigestion (approximately 30% of the adult US population). OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the symptoms of lactose maldigestion and digestion when the diet was supplemented with dairy products providing 1300 mg Ca/d. DESIGN: Sixty-two women (31 with lactose maldigestion and 31 without) were studied in a double-blind, randomized protocol. Symptoms were compared during 1-wk periods when the diet was supplemented with 480 mL (2 cups) milk, 56 g cheese, and 240 mL yogurt provided as conventional products (34 g lactose/d) or as lactose-hydrolyzed products (2 g lactose/d). RESULTS: Women who digested lactose reported no significant difference in symptoms between the 2 treatment periods. Women with lactose maldigestion reported significantly increased flatus frequency and subjective impression of rectal gas during the period of high lactose intake; however, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and the global perception of overall symptom severity were not significantly different between the 2 treatment periods. CONCLUSION: The symptoms resulting from lactose maldigestion are not a major impediment to the ingestion of a dairy-rich diet supplying approximately 1500 mg Ca/d.


Assuntos
Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Intolerância à Lactose/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Intolerância à Lactose/classificação , Intolerância à Lactose/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
15.
J Comp Neurol ; 384(3): 456-82, 1997 Aug 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9254039

RESUMO

The insular areas of the cerebral cortex in carnivores remain vaguely defined and fragmentarily characterized. We have examined the cortical microarchitecture and thalamic connections of the insular region in cats, as a part of a broader study aimed to clarify their subdivisions, functional affiliations, and eventual similarities with other mammals. We report that cortical areas, which resemble the insular fields of other mammals, are located in the cat's orbital gyrus and anterior rhinal sulcus. Our data suggest four such areas: (a) a "ventral agranular insular area" in the lower bank of the anterior rhinal sulcus, architectonically transitional between iso- and allocortex and sparsely connected to the thalamus, mainly with midline nuclei; (b) a "dorsal agranular insular area" in the upper bank of the anterior rhinal sulcus, linked to the mediodorsal, ventromedial, parafascicular and midline nuclei; (c) a "dysgranular insular area" in the anteroventral half of the orbital gyrus, characterized by its connections with gustatory and viscerosensory portions of the ventroposterior complex and with the ventrolateral nucleus; and (d) a "granular insular area", dorsocaudal in the orbital gyrus, which is chiefly bound to spinothalamic-recipient thalamic nuclei such as the posterior medial and the ventroposterior inferior. Three further fields are situated caudally to the insular areas. The anterior sylvian gyrus and dorsal lip of the pseudosylvian sulcus, which we designate "anterior sylvian area", is connected to the ventromedial, suprageniculate, and lateralis medialis nuclei. The fundus and ventral bank of the pseudosylvian sulcus, or "parainsular area", is associated with caudal portions of the medial geniculate complex. The rostral part of the ventral bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus, referred to as "ventral anterior ectosylvian area", is heavily interconnected with the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex and the ventromedial nucleus. Present results reveal that these areas interact with a wide array of sensory, motor, and limbic thalamic nuclei. In addition, these data provide a consistent basis for comparisons with cortical fields in other mammals.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Gatos/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Tálamo/fisiologia , Animais , Córtex Cerebral/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Masculino , Microinjeções , Vias Neurais/fisiologia
16.
Brain Res ; 766(1-2): 266-70, 1997 Aug 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9359614

RESUMO

Neocortical and hippocampal EEG power spectra obtained during REM-like sleep induced by unilateral carbachol microinjections (0.01 M, 0.02 M and 0.2 M; volume 20 nl) into the ventral part of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis have been compared with EEG power spectra obtained during spontaneous REM sleep. Our findings indicate that neocortical and hippocampal electrical activities during the REM-like state generated by carbachol delivery in this pontine region mimic those present in spontaneous REM sleep.


Assuntos
Carbacol/farmacologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Agonistas Nicotínicos/farmacologia , Lobo Occipital/fisiologia , Sono REM/fisiologia , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Animais , Gatos , Eletroencefalografia , Eletroculografia , Ponte/fisiologia , Formação Reticular/fisiologia , Sono REM/efeitos dos fármacos
17.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 11(6): 1067-72, 1997 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9663831

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: While fibre is believed to cause gaseous symptoms, a study in healthy volunteers showed no increase in flatulence when the diet was supplemented with fermentable (psyllium) or non-fermentable (methylcellulose) fibre. However, extrapolation of this observation to subjects who use fibre is arguable since these individuals may have a propensity to gaseousness. In the present study, gaseous complaints during fibre ingestion were assessed in subjects who believed that a previous exposure to fibre induced gas. METHODS: In a double-blind protocol, subjects were randomized to one of four treatment periods, during which the regular diet was supplemented for 1-week periods with two daily doses of: placebo 10 g, psyllium 3.4 g, methylcellulose 2 g or lactulose 5 g. A symptom diary was maintained for 1-week periods on or off treatment. RESULTS: During treatment, the lactulose group passed gas significantly more often than did the psyllium or the methylcellulose group (P = 0.01). No other symptom was significantly different among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: (1) psyllium and methylcellulose did not cause greater gaseous symptomatology than did placebo in subjects who believed that these preparations caused gas; and (2) subjects commonly misidentify dietary components that cause gaseous symptoms.


Assuntos
Catárticos/uso terapêutico , Metilcelulose/uso terapêutico , Psyllium/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Flatulência , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
19.
J Chem Neuroanat ; 8(4): 245-57, 1995 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7545406

RESUMO

The patterns of histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the macaque thalamus were analyzed and compared with the distribution of cells and terminals labeled from injections of axonal tracers in the dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex, in area 7a of the posterior parietal cortex and in the polysensory cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. AChE histochemistry is very useful in delineating the thalamic nuclei connected with the association cortex and in uncovering thalamic subdivisions that are barely evident on cytoarchitectonic grounds. Moreover, AChE activity reveals previously unrecognized heterogeneities within several thalamic nuclei, like the ventral anterior (VA), where a new ventromedial subdivision (VAvm) is described, the medial pulvinar (PulM) or the mediodorsal nucleus (MD). In this nucleus three distinct chemical domains are present: the medial, ventral and lateral sectors characterized by low, moderate and high AChE activities, respectively. The staining pattern of the lateral sector is markedly heterogeneous with patches of intense AChE activity surrounded by a moderately stained matrix. The MD medial sector is connected with the orbitofrontal cortex, whereas the AChE-rich patches in the lateral sector are selectively connected with the dorsolateral prefrontal, parietal and temporal association cortices. In the PulM, a dorsomedial AChE-rich patch is selectively connected with the orbitofrontal cortex, whereas the surrounding territory, which shows moderate AChE activity, is preferentially connected with the parietal and temporal cortices. Chemically specific domains in the anterior, ventral anterior, midline, and intralaminar thalamic nuclei are also connected with the examined association cortices. These findings indicate that the topographic patterns of the thalamo-cortical connections of primate association areas conform to the chemical architecture of the thalamus. This implies that because each cortical area is connected to a particular set of thalamic regions, the influence of the thalamus on cortical function is exclusive for each area, highly diverse among the various association areas, and subject to a wide range of modulation at the thalamic level.


Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/enzimologia , Tálamo/enzimologia , Animais , Biomarcadores , Córtex Cerebral/citologia , Lobo Frontal/citologia , Lobo Frontal/enzimologia , Histocitoquímica , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Macaca nemestrina , Vias Neurais/citologia , Vias Neurais/enzimologia , Lobo Parietal/citologia , Lobo Parietal/enzimologia , Lobo Temporal/citologia , Lobo Temporal/enzimologia , Núcleos Talâmicos/anatomia & histologia , Núcleos Talâmicos/enzimologia , Tálamo/anatomia & histologia , Tálamo/citologia , Conjugado Aglutinina do Germe de Trigo-Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Aglutininas do Germe de Trigo
20.
Neuroscience ; 39(3): 547-59, 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1711168

RESUMO

The thalamic neurons projecting to the superficial layers of areas 5 and 7 in the cat, and area 5 in the monkey, were investigated by using superficial deposits of either horseradish peroxidase or Fast Blue in one hemisphere. In the contralateral hemisphere injections of the same tracer involving the full cortical depth were made in homotopical locations, and the distribution and soma size of retrogradely labeled thalamocortical neurons in each side of the thalamus were compared. It was found that, in the cat, labeled neurons in the lateral posterior pulvinar complex, and in paralaminar regions of the ventrolateral complex, were fewer in number and smaller in size in cases of superficial deposits than in cases of deep injection. In more lateral portions of the ventrolateral complex, however, there were no size differences. In the monkey, similar differences in number and size appeared in the caudal division of the ventrolateral complex and in the lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei, whereas no such differences were found for neurons labeled in the oral and medial divisions of the ventrolateral complex, and in the ventral posteroinferior nucleus. In all cases the intralaminar and midline nuclei exhibited retrogradely labeled neurons only when deep layers were injected. These and previous findings point to the existence of a widely distributed layer I-projecting system of neurons which, in most nuclei, are interspersed among neurons projecting mainly to middle or deep layers. In some nuclei, however, as is the case with the ventromedial nucleus proper, layer I-projecting system neurons would make up the whole nucleus. The cell groups located in a paralaminar position, which would be but a part of this system, could provide through their projections to layer I in the posterior parietal and frontal cortical regions a final path for recruiting responses and spontaneous spindling activities.


Assuntos
Gatos/anatomia & histologia , Macaca nemestrina/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Parietal/anatomia & histologia , Tálamo/anatomia & histologia , Amidinas , Animais , Transporte Axonal , Feminino , Corantes Fluorescentes , Lateralidade Funcional , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Masculino , Neurônios/citologia , Lobo Parietal/citologia , Tálamo/citologia
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