RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The evidence about the effect of essential trace element (ETE) mixture on cognitive function amongst older adults is limited. This study aims to evaluate the associations of single ETEs and ETE mixture with cognitive function using a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in China. METHODS: A total of 3814 older adults were included in the study. Urinary concentrations of selenium (Se), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr), and molybdenum (Mo) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive function in older adults was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to explore the associations of single ETEs and ETE mixture with cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS: Linear regression showed that urinary levels of Se and V were positively associated with MMSE scores in the adjusted single-element models. BKMR also showed marginally positive associations of Se and V with MMSE scores. Moreover, higher urinary levels of ETE mixture were significantly associated with increased MMSE scores in a dose-response pattern, and Se was the most important contributor within the mixture. Both Se and V demonstrated positive additive effects on the associations of other ETEs with MMSE scores, whereas Co had a negative additive effect. CONCLUSIONS: V and Se are positively associated with cognitive function, individually and as a mixture. ETE mixture exhibits a linear dose-response association with improved cognitive function, with Se being the most important component within the mixture. Mixture analyses rather than single ETE analyses may provide a real-world perspective on the relationship between ETE mixture and cognitive function. Further cohort studies are needed to clarify the association of multiple ETEs with cognitive function.
Assuntos
Selênio , Oligoelementos , Idoso , Teorema de Bayes , Cognição , Humanos , Vida IndependenteRESUMO
AIM: Recently, increasing studies have been carried out to explore the association between vitamin D level and the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, because of the shortcoming in study design and sample size, there is still no clear conclusion. We performed this meta-analysis to examine the exact impact of vitamin D deficiency on DPN in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Various databases were searched to identify the potential articles which explored the association between vitamin D level and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. We pooled OR to assess the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and DPN using the random-effects model. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI of vitamin D was also calculated to evaluate the vitamin D level between DPN and non DPN in T2DM. RESULTS: There was obvious heterogeneity in those included ten studies (I2 = 94.1%, Cochran Q test P < 0.001) using mean and standard deviation (SD) of vitamin D level. In Caucasian, vitamin D level was significantly lower in DPN patients compared with diabetic patients without DPN (SMD = -0.56, I2 = 16.9%). In Asian, the pooled OR value of vitamin D deficiency was 1.22 (95%CI: 1.17-1.27). Sensitivity analysis showed one study had great influence on this meta-analysis and it still existed after excluded that one. There was no evidence of public bias in meta analysis as showed in Begg test and Egger test. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the generation and development of DPN in Caucasian with T2DM, and in Asian, diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency are 1.22 times to suffer from DPN compared with normal vitamin D level. Vitamin D supplementation is urgently needed to prevent the development of DPN in T2DM.